Cascading hazards from the largest volcanic eruption in over a century: What happened when Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai erupted in January 2022?

一个多世纪以来最大规模火山喷发带来的级联危害：2022 年 1 月洪加汤加-洪加哈派火山喷发时发生了什么？

基本信息

批准号：
2878033
负责人：
金额：
--
依托单位：
University of Southampton
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Studentship
财政年份：
2023
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2023 至无数据
项目状态：
未结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=studentship-2878033
关键词：
Cascading hazards largest volcanic eruption

项目摘要

The most explosive volcanic event in >100 years occurred in January 2022, when Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai (HTHH) erupted unexpectedly, triggering cascades of hazards1. The atmospheric shockwave was felt around the planet, tsunamis inundated coastlines, and communications were cut when seafloor cables were damaged. Unique datasets were acquired before and after the eruption, providing the first opportunity to study the hazard cascades created by such a powerful event. New seafloor and subsurface geophysical data, acquired three months after the eruption, enable comparison with pre-eruption data, to show how the volcano evolved and shaped the surrounding seafloor. Initial analysis reveals that powerful pyroclastic density currents were generated following the initial eruption, sculpting deep seafloor channels and travelling vast distances. These surges may be the main trigger for tsunamis and responsible for >100 km of damage to seafloor cables; however, this requires validation. Coring of the seafloor and on onshore islands will provide the necessary sedimentological constraint to the eruptive timeline. This timely project offers a unique opportunity to determine the distribution, timing, behaviour and impact of pyroclastic flows, the linked and cascading hazards associated with such a major eruption, and new insights into many other volcanoes worldwide that pose similar hazards.

100 年来最具爆炸性的火山事件发生在 2022 年 1 月，当时洪加汤加-洪加哈派火山 (HTHH) 意外喷发，引发了一系列灾害1。地球周围都感受到了大气冲击波，海啸淹没了海岸线，海底电缆受损导致通讯中断。在火山爆发之前和之后获得了独特的数据集，为研究如此强大的事件所造成的灾害级联提供了第一次机会。火山喷发三个月后获得的新海底和地下地球物理数据可以与喷发前的数据进行比较，以显示火山如何演化和塑造周围海底。初步分析表明，在最初的喷发后产生了强大的火山碎屑密度流，塑造了深海底通道并传播了很长的距离。这些浪涌可能是海啸的主要触发因素，并对海底电缆造成超过 100 公里的损坏；然而，这需要验证。海底和陆上岛屿的取芯将为喷发时间线提供必要的沉积学限制。这个及时的项目提供了一个独特的机会来确定火山碎屑流的分布、时间、行为和影响，与此类重大喷发相关的连锁和连锁危害，以及对世界各地许多其他造成类似危害的火山的新见解。