Inequality, social capital and health in Boliva

玻利瓦的不平等、社会资本和健康

• 批准号: 7091833
• 负责人: WILLIAM R LEONARD
• 金额: $ 13.59万
• 依托单位: NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2006
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2006-09-28 至 2008-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7091833
• 关键词: South America; agriculture worker; behavioral /social science research tag; blood tests; children; clinical research; community; cortisol; data collection methodology /evaluation; health disparity; health economics; health science research analysis /evaluation; human population study; human subject; income; international cooperation; longitudinal human study; low socioeconomic status; migrant; radioimmunoassay; rural area; rural health; self help; social support network; socioeconomics; stress

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): LONG-TERM GOAL: to estimate the effects of income inequality on social capital and health. A growing concern in public health centers on the harmful effects of income inequality on health. Income inequality erodes social capital-trust, safety nets, and norms of reciprocity that enable people to act collectively to protect health. Pitted against this view is a second one that emphasizes the direct protective role of personal income on health that works independent of income inequality or social capital. To date, most research on income inequality and health has relied on secondary, observational data from adults in large geographic units of developed nations and has produced inconclusive results. SPECIFIC AIMS: to obtain more precise estimates, a multidisciplinary team proposes to: 1) do preliminary test of hypotheses, 2) estimate magnitude of attrition, 3) identify adverse effects, and 4) pilot test methods to measures stress, a path by which inequality presumably affects health. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Researchers will pilot test the use of an experimental research design that changes parental income and village income inequality in a foraging-farming society of Amazonian Indians in Bolivia (Tsimane'). Researchers will assess the short-run effects of the intervention on perceived and objective indicators of general child and adult health. Objective indicators include bio-markers (CRP, hemoglobin, blood pressure, cortisol) and anthropometric indices of nutritional status. Lotteries with rice as a prize will be held in 20 villages for 50% of households in the bottom half of the income distribution; in another 10 villages, researchers will increase income by the same percent among all households. 10 villages will serve as controls. In each household, researchers will select at random one of the two household heads to receive the prize. It is hypothesized that lowering income inequality by raising the income of the poor will produce ambiguous effects on social capital and that income transfer to the poor will enhance parental and child health by improving food intake and energy balance, particularly when transfers go to female heads. Surveys will be done three times: before the intervention and approximately 3 and 12 months after. Research will last 24 months and start on 4/2006. RELEVANCE TO PUBLIC HEALTH: through an experimental research design, the study contributes to a vibrant debate in progress about the relative weight of individual resources, inequality, and social capital in shaping individual child and adult health.

描述（由申请人提供）：长期目标：估计收入不平等对社会资本和健康的影响。公共卫生越来越关注收入不平等对健康的有害影响。收入不平等侵蚀了社会资本信托，安全网和互惠规范，使人们能够集体采取行动以保护健康。与这种观点相提并论的是第二个观点，强调个人收入在健康上的直接保护作用，该保护独立于收入不平等或社会资本。迄今为止，关于收入不平等和健康的大多数研究都依赖于大型发达国家地理单位的成年人的二级观察数据，并产生了不确定的结果。具体目的：为了获得更精确的估计，一个多学科团队提出了：1）对假设进行初步测试，2）估计损耗的幅度，3）识别不良影响，4）试验性测试方法衡量压力，这是一条不平等的路径，可能会影响健康。研究设计和方法：研究人员将尝试使用实验研究设计的使用，该研究设计改变了玻利维亚亚马逊印第安人（Tsimane）的觅食农场社会中的父母收入和乡村收入不平等。研究人员将评估干预措施对普通儿童和成人健康的感知和客观指标的短期影响。客观指标包括生物标记（CRP，血红蛋白，血压，皮质醇）和营养状况的人体测量指数。用大米作为奖品的彩票将在收入分配下半部分的20个村庄举行，其中50％的家庭；在另外10个村庄中，研究人员将在所有家庭中增加收入相同的百分比。 10个村庄将充当控制。在每个家庭中，研究人员将随机选择两个户主之一，以获得该奖项。假设通过提高穷人收入来降低收入不平等将对社会资本产生模棱两可的影响，而向穷人的收入转移将通过改善食物摄入量和能量平衡来增强父母和儿童健康，尤其是当转移到女性头时。调查将进行三次：在干预之前，大约3个月和12个月。研究将持续24个月，并从4/2006开始。与公共卫生有关：通过实验研究设计，该研究促进了有关个人资源，不平等和社会资本相对重量的充满活力的辩论，这些辩论在塑造个人和成人健康方面。