CRCNS: Analysis of synchronization in hybrid neural circuits

CRCNS：混合神经回路同步分析

• 批准号: 7122983
• 负责人: Carmen Castro Canavier
• 金额: $ 35.78万
• 依托单位: LSU HEALTH SCIENCES CENTER
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2005
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2005-09-15 至 2009-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7122983
• 关键词: Parkinson' s disease; action potentials; brain regulatory center; cognition; electrical potential; epilepsy; hybrid cells; neural transmission; neurons; psychomotor function; synchronous cell division; tissue /cell culture; tremor; voltage /patch clamp

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Our goal is to develop a comprehensive framework for understanding synchronization in circuits containing biological neurons, where synchronization is broadly defined to include all phase-locked rhythmic activity. We will focus on two types of biological exemplars of neural oscillators: repetitively spiking neurons with a gradual dependence of the firing frequency on stimulus current, and bursting neurons that apparently have a single slow variable. A large number of neural oscillators are likely to fall into one of these two categories, hence these results should be general and useful in order to compare and contrast phase resetting and phase locking in single spike firing versus bursting neurons. The experimental preparations were chosen because they contain spiking or bursting neurons that are easily identified, readily isolated, and oscillate with minimal variability. This makes them an optimal in vitro proving ground for answering the following questions, using theoretical methods based on phase resetting curves (PRCs): Are PRCs sufficient to predict phase locking and convergence in pairs of coupled spiking neurons? Can PROs predict the existence and stability of m:n phase-locking modes? Can the PRC in response to excitatory stimuli be predicted from the voltage trajectory of a bursting neuron? Can we predict the activity of pairs of bursting neurons from their PROs for excitatory coupling and for variable burst durations? The answers should have wide applicability in the study of central pattern generators that produce repetitive motor activity, as well as to the collective synchronization phenomena underlying various aspects of cognition. Epileptic seizures are associated with excessive synchronization in certain brain regions, as is the tremor associated with Parkinson's disease. A better understanding of the general mechanisms of synchronization may eventually suggest new therapeutic approaches for these diseases.

描述（由申请人提供）：我们的目标是开发一个全面的框架来理解包含生物神经元的电路中的同步，其中同步被广泛定义为包括所有锁相节律活动。我们将重点关注神经振荡器的两种生物范例：放电频率逐渐依赖于刺激电流的重复尖峰神经元，以及显然具有单一慢变量的爆发神经元。大量神经振荡器可能属于这两类之一，因此这些结果应该是通用且有用的，以便比较和对比单尖峰放电与爆发神经元中的相位重置和锁相。选择实验制剂是因为它们含有易于识别、易于分离并且以最小变异性振荡的尖峰或爆发神经元。这使得它们成为使用基于相位重置曲线（PRC）的理论方法回答以下问题的最佳体外试验场：PRC是否足以预测耦合尖峰神经元对中的锁相和收敛？ PRO 能否预测 m:n 锁相模式的存在和稳定性？能否从爆发神经元的电压轨迹预测 PRC 对兴奋性刺激的反应？我们能否根据兴奋性耦合和可变突发持续时间的 PRO 来预测成对突发神经元的活动？这些答案应该在研究产生重复运动活动的中枢模式发生器以及认知各个方面的集体同步现象方面具有广泛的适用性。癫痫发作与某些大脑区域的过度同步有关，帕金森病的震颤也是如此。对同步一般机制的更好理解最终可能会为这些疾病提出新的治疗方法。