CRCNS: Analysis of synchronization in hybrid neural circuits

CRCNS：混合神经回路同步分析

• 批准号: 7122983
• 负责人: Carmen Castro Canavier
• 金额: $ 35.78万
• 依托单位: LSU HEALTH SCIENCES CENTER
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2005
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2005-09-15 至 2009-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7122983
• 关键词: Parkinson' s disease; action potentials; brain regulatory center; cognition; electrical potential; epilepsy; hybrid cells; neural transmission; neurons; psychomotor function; synchronous cell division; tissue /cell culture; tremor; voltage /patch clamp

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Our goal is to develop a comprehensive framework for understanding synchronization in circuits containing biological neurons, where synchronization is broadly defined to include all phase-locked rhythmic activity. We will focus on two types of biological exemplars of neural oscillators: repetitively spiking neurons with a gradual dependence of the firing frequency on stimulus current, and bursting neurons that apparently have a single slow variable. A large number of neural oscillators are likely to fall into one of these two categories, hence these results should be general and useful in order to compare and contrast phase resetting and phase locking in single spike firing versus bursting neurons. The experimental preparations were chosen because they contain spiking or bursting neurons that are easily identified, readily isolated, and oscillate with minimal variability. This makes them an optimal in vitro proving ground for answering the following questions, using theoretical methods based on phase resetting curves (PRCs): Are PRCs sufficient to predict phase locking and convergence in pairs of coupled spiking neurons? Can PROs predict the existence and stability of m:n phase-locking modes? Can the PRC in response to excitatory stimuli be predicted from the voltage trajectory of a bursting neuron? Can we predict the activity of pairs of bursting neurons from their PROs for excitatory coupling and for variable burst durations? The answers should have wide applicability in the study of central pattern generators that produce repetitive motor activity, as well as to the collective synchronization phenomena underlying various aspects of cognition. Epileptic seizures are associated with excessive synchronization in certain brain regions, as is the tremor associated with Parkinson's disease. A better understanding of the general mechanisms of synchronization may eventually suggest new therapeutic approaches for these diseases.

描述（由申请人提供）：我们的目标是开发一个综合框架，以理解包含生物神经元的电路中的同步，在该电路中，大量定义同步包含所有相锁的节奏活性。我们将重点关注两种类型的神经振荡器的生物学示例：重复尖峰神经元，其发射频率逐渐依赖于刺激电流，而爆发的神经元显然具有单个慢速变量。大量神经振荡器可能属于这两个类别之一，因此，这些结果应该是一般且有用的，以便在单个尖峰触发中与爆发神经元进行比较和对比相位的重置和相位锁定。之所以选择实验制剂，是因为它们包含尖峰或爆发神经元，这些神经元易于识别，易于隔离和振荡，并具有最小的可变性。这使它们成为使用基于相位重置曲线（PRC）的理论方法来回答以下问题的最佳体外试验基础：PRC是否足以预测一对耦合尖峰神经元的相位锁定和收敛？优点可以预测M：N相锁模式的存在和稳定性吗？可以通过爆发神经元的电压轨迹预测对兴奋性刺激的响应？我们能否预测其专业人士对兴奋性耦合和可变爆发持续时间的爆发神经元的活性？答案应在研究产生重复运动活动的中心模式发生器以及认知各个方面的集体同步现象方面具有广泛的适用性。癫痫发作与某些大脑区域的过度同步有关，与帕金森氏病有关的震颤也是如此。更好地理解同步的一般机制可能最终提出了这些疾病的新治疗方法。