Urban Social Context, Health and Health Disparities

城市社会背景、健康和健康差异

• 批准号: 7099187
• 负责人: JAMES S HOUSE
• 金额: $ 50.15万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2006
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2006-05-01 至 2009-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7099187
• 关键词: alcoholism /alcohol abuse; behavioral /social science research tag; biomarker; blood pressure; body composition; clinical research; community; data collection methodology /evaluation; diet; disease /disorder proneness /risk; exercise; health disparity; health services research tag; health surveys; human data; human mortality; interview; longitudinal human study; psychological stressor; questionnaires; racial /ethnic difference; socioeconomics; socioenvironment; urban area

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This project will capitalize on, extend, and enhance the Chicago Community Adult Health Study (CCAHS), (P50 HD 38986) which is designed to become a major prospective multi-level study of the impact of individual and social environmental factors on health, their role in understanding socioeconomic and racial- ethnic disparities in health, and the biological and behavioral pathways that are involved. This project has completed a major survey of a probability sample of 3105 adults age 18+ in the city of Chicago, with a response rate of 72 percent and including physical measurements of height, weight, waist, hip length, and blood pressure. In addition, saliva and/or a blood sample have been collected for 661 people (60 percent of respondents in a subsample of 80 of the 343 neighborhood clusters (NCs) covering the entire city of Chicago, developed and characterized by the Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods (PHDCN) (http://phdcn.harvard.edu/), from which the CCAHS sample is drawn. In addition to utilizing existing and collecting new archival data on these areas, the CCAHS carried out Systematic Social Observations of 1664 blocks containing sampled households for the study. Thus, the current application seeks to utilize all these data to extend and enhance the CCAHS as follows: 1) to estimate via state of the art multi-level analysis the role in health and health disparities of the immediate social contexts or "neighborhoods" in which people live; 2) to estimate how a wide range of aspects of immediate residential contexts and broader social contexts (assessed by multiple methods and measures and considered both singly and in interaction with each other and individual and household factors) affect health and health disparities and help to understand or flesh out the role of social context in health; 3) to estimate via innovative new methods the role in health and health disparities of the broader social contexts which surround more immediate residential contexts; and 4) to begin to convert the existing cross-sectional study into a longitudinal and prospective study via respondent tracking and mortality follow-up, which will allow initial prospective analyses of the predictive association with mortality of individual, household, and contextual psychosocial risk factors for health assessed in the CCAHS, as well as laying the foundation for a second wave of data collection in 2008-9, which will be funded by a subsequent competing renewal application, and allow for prospective analyses with respect to the full range of health outcomes in CCAHS. This study will importantly advance the understanding of socioeconomic and racial/ethnic disparities in health - a major priority of the Public Health Service and National Institutes of Health for the new millennium.

描述（由申请人提供）：该项目将利用、扩展和加强芝加哥社区成人健康研究 (CCAHS) (P50 HD 38986)，该研究旨在成为一项主要的前瞻性多层次研究，旨在研究个人和社区的影响影响健康的社会环境因素，它们在理解健康方面的社会经济和种族民族差异方面的作用，以及所涉及的生物和行为途径。该项目已完成对芝加哥市 3105 名 18 岁以上成年人的概率样本的重大调查，响应率为 72%，包括身高、体重、腰围、臀长和血压的身体测量。此外，还采集了 661 人的唾液和/或血液样本（覆盖整个芝加哥市的 343 个社区集群 (NC) 中 80 个子样本中的 60% 的受访者，这些社区集群由人类发展项目开发和描述）芝加哥社区 (PHDCN) (http://phdcn.harvard.edu/)，从中抽取 CCAHS 样本 除了利用这些区域的现有档案数据和收集新的档案数据外， CCAHS 对包含样本家庭的 1664 个街区进行了系统的社会观察以进行研究，因此，当前的应用程序旨在利用所有这些数据来扩展和增强 CCAHS，如下所示：1）通过最先进的多层次分析来估计。人们居住的直接社会背景或“社区”在健康和健康差异中的作用； 2) 估计直接居住环境和更广泛的社会环境的各个方面（通过多种方法和措施进行评估，单独考虑以及相互影响以及个人和家庭因素）如何影响健康和健康差异，并帮助理解或充实社会环境对健康的作用； 3）通过创新的新方法估计围绕更直接的居住环境的更广泛的社会背景在健康和健康差异中的作用； 4) 通过受访者跟踪和死亡率随访，开始将现有的横断面研究转变为纵向和前瞻性研究，这将允许对个人、家庭和背景心理社会风险因素与死亡率的预测关联进行初步前瞻性分析为 CCAHS 中的健康评估提供支持，并为 2008 年 9 月的第二波数据收集奠定基础，该数据收集将由随后的竞争更新申请资助，并允许对全方位的健康结果进行前瞻性分析在CCAHS。这项研究将重要地促进对健康方面的社会经济和种族/民族差异的理解——这是公共卫生服务和国立卫生研究院新千年的主要优先事项。