Immature Perceptual-Motor Skills Child Cyclists at Risk

感知运动技能不成熟的儿童骑自行车者面临风险

• 批准号: 7087280
• 负责人: JODIE Marie PLUMERT
• 金额: $ 30.61万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF IOWA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2006
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2006-05-01 至 2011-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7087280
• 关键词: adolescence (12-20); adult human (21+); age difference; behavioral /social science research tag; child psychology; clinical research; computer human interaction; computer simulation; developmental psychology; human subject; injury prevention; middle childhood (6-11); motion perception; performance; psychomotor function; psychomotor reaction time; transportation /recreation safety; vehicular accident; visual perception

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Reducing unintentional injuries is one of the top ten priorities of the Healthy People 2010 initiative. Injury prevention clearly plays an integral role in children's health, as unintentional injuries are the leading cause of death in children and young adults. Bicycle crashes are among the most common causes of severe injuries in late childhood and early adolescence. Motor vehicles are involved in approximately one-third of all bicycle- related brain injuries and in 90% of all fatalities resulting from bicycle crashes. A critical first step in developing programs to prevent collisions between child cyclists and motor vehicles is understanding why such collisions occur. The goal of this multi-disciplinary research proposal is to examine how immature perceptual-motor functioning puts children at risk for car-bicycle collisions when crossing roads. Using an immersive, interactive bicycling simulator, we will examine how two important aspects of perceptual-motor development influence road-crossing behavior. The first is coordinating motor movement with visual information. A robust finding from our research on children's road-crossing behavior is that children choose the same size gaps as adults, but leave less headway when they start to cross. Consequently, child cyclists end up with far less time to spare when they clear the path of the oncoming car. This puts child cyclists at greater risk for a collision because they have less time available to recover from an error such as a foot slipping off the pedal. The second aspect of perceptual-motor development we will address is flexibly adapting movement to changing circumstances. Skilled road crossing requires that cyclists adjust quickly to changes such as the distribution of gap sizes. The first set of proposed experiments will test hypotheses about why children leave less headway when starting off than do adults. These include 1) immature movement preparation strategies, 2) problems with making "go-no go" decisions, and 3) difficulty with synchronizing self and object movement. The second set of experiments will examine how children adjust their road-crossing behavior in response to changing circumstances and how these experiences influence later road-crossing behavior. By bringing together the study of basic and applied issues into a single program of research, this work will contribute both to our understanding of the development of perceptual-motor functioning and to our understanding of the underlying causes of child bicycling injuries.

描述（由申请人提供）： 减少意外伤害是“健康人民 2010”倡议的十大优先事项之一。伤害预防显然对儿童健康起着不可或缺的作用，因为意外伤害是儿童和年轻人死亡的主要原因。自行车碰撞是儿童晚期和青春期早期严重伤害的最常见原因之一。大约三分之一的自行车相关脑损伤和 90% 的自行车事故死亡事故都是由机动车造成的。制定防止儿童骑自行车者与机动车辆发生碰撞的计划的关键第一步是了解发生此类碰撞的原因。这项多学科研究计划的目标是研究不成熟的知觉运动功能如何使儿童在过马路时面临汽车与自行车碰撞的风险。使用沉浸式交互式自行车模拟器，我们将研究感知运动发展的两个重要方面如何影响过马路行为。第一个是协调运动与视觉信息。我们对儿童过马路行为的研究得出的一个强有力的发现是，儿童选择与成人相同大小的间隙，但在开始过马路时留下的车距较小。因此，儿童骑自行车者在清理迎面而来的汽车的道路时，剩下的时间要少得多。这使得儿童骑自行车者面临更大的碰撞风险，因为他们没有足够的时间从脚滑落踏板等错误中恢复过来。我们要解决的知觉运动发展的第二个方面是灵活地调整运动以适应不断变化的环境。熟练的道路穿越要求骑自行车的人快速适应变化，例如间隙大小的分布。拟议的第一组实验将检验关于为什么儿童在开始时比成人取得的进步更少的假设。其中包括 1) 不成熟的运动准备策略，2) 做出“走-不走”决定的问题，以及 3) 同步自我和物体运动的困难。第二组实验将研究儿童如何根据不断变化的环境调整他们的过马路行为，以及这些经历如何影响以后的过马路行为。通过将基础问题和应用问题的研究整合到一个研究计划中，这项工作将有助于我们了解感知运动功能的发展，也有助于我们了解儿童骑自行车受伤的根本原因。