Retrospective optimisation of multifunctionality on coastal urban infrastructure

沿海城市基础设施多功能回顾性优化

• 批准号: 2738127
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Plymouth University
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Studentship
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2022 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=studentship-2738127
• 关键词: Retrospective; optimisation; multifunctionality; coastal; urban

A combination of reduced complexity and spatial scale underpins biodiversity and ecosystem multifunctionality deficits on artificial compared to natural habitats1. At fine-grain (mm-cm) scales, low physical complexity can inhibit the settlement/recruitment of larvae by environmentally filtering out mal-adapted organisms2. Physically simple environments can select for an over-abundance of mesopredators (e.g. limpets), whose non-selective grazing behaviour can biotically filter2 weaker species, leading to grazer dominance and "limpet barrens"3, akin to urchin barrens in subtidal systems. Here, the goal is to upscale GGI solutions to stimulate a 'multifunctional cascade' using appropriately complex surfaces to provide recruitment-phase refugia from grazing for habitat-forming species (e.g. fucoids, mussels) that, in turn, support greater biodiversity and ecosystem multifunctionality through facilitation cascades4. At medium- (e.g. cm-m) and large-grains (e.g. >10m), reduced physical complexity homogenises environmental conditions that effectively reduces niche availability, the number of species both within (a-diversity) and between patches (B-diversity)5, and site-scale (g) diversity and multi-functionality. At larger scales, regions characterised by discontinuous shorelines with mosaics of habitats (e.g. seawalls interspersed with natural reef) could support higher B-diversity compared to regions characterised by continuous homogenous vertical seawalls. This studentship will evaluate relationships between complexity, biodiversity, and ecosystem multifunctionality, and then apply this new empirical understanding to inform upscaling GGI solutions at larger scales. We propose a three-pronged state-of-art approach: (1) Field surveys and mesocosm studies to quantify naturally-occurring relationships between physical complexity, biodiversity, and multifunctionality at multiple scales (photogrammetry/biodiversity surveys) in Plymouth Sound, Southampton Water and Milford Haven (selected due to differences in levels of urbanisation). Ecosystem multifunctionality will be estimated using functional traits databases and validated using field mesocosms. [Firth, Griffin, Foggo] (2) Two manipulative field experiments using biomimetic tiles will determine (1) whether structural features deter/encourage key taxa and disentangle the roles of propagule pressure from physical complexity (abiotic filtering) and post-settlement biotic interactions (biotic filtering) on assemblage development; and (2) how area (scale) and spatial heterogeneity (arrangement) influence biodiversity and multifunctionality outcomes at larger spatial scales. Experiments will be deployed in Brixham (permission already granted)[Firth, Hanley, Knights] (3) Modelling will test how the surface type, density and spatial heterogeneity of GGI patches affect accessibility and spatial use by key grazers (e.g. limpets)(see Fig 1 in OneDrive). Methods will involve in-situ surveys (photographs/time-lapse) and modelling (e.g. correlated walk models). [Firth, Knights] The project allows the student to develop highly sought-after technical and academic skills in applied and theoretical ecological modelling, and general research skills. The supervisory team's track-record of high-quality PhD training and mentoring, evidenced by and student-led high-quality research outputs ensures an excellent student experience, including integration into a vibrant community of staff and students at UoP and abroad. UoP and ARIES training courses for continuing professional development will be encouraged, alongside presentation at international conferences (e.g. International Temperate Reefs Symposium) to develop their network and science communication skills.

与自然栖息地相比，降低的复杂性和空间量表的结合是人工生物多样性缺陷的基础1。在细粒度（MM-CM）尺度上，低身体上的复杂性可以通过环境过滤型不适合恶性生物来抑制幼虫的沉降/募集2。物理上简单的环境可以选择过度增强的中脑（例如lim毛），其非选择性放牧行为可以生物生物过滤2较弱的物种，从而导致Grazer优势和“ Limpet Barrens” 3，类似于弱代系统中的顽固的Barrens。在这里，目的是使用适当复杂的表面来刺激GGI解决方案，以刺激“多功能级联反应”，以提供招聘 - 对栖息地形成物种（例如构造型群体，贻贝）的招聘 - 相反，从而依次支持更大的生物多样性和生态系统多效率通过面部cascades cascades casscades 4。在中等（例如CM-M）和大元素（例如> 10m）下，降低的身体复杂性均质匀浆可有效降低利基可用性，（A多样性）内部（a多样性）和斑块（B-多样性）5和场地尺度（G）多样性和多峰值的物种数量。在较大的尺度上，与连续统一的垂直海墙的区域相比，与栖息地的镶嵌物（例如，散布在天然珊瑚礁的海墙）的特征区域可以支持更高的B多样性。该学生将评估复杂性，生物多样性和生态系统多功能性之间的关系，然后应用这种新的经验理解，以在较大范围内为GGI解决方案提供信息。我们提出了一种三方面的最新方法：（1）田间监测和中验研究，以量化多个量表（摄影/生物多样性验证）在普莱斯特声音（Southampton Water Haven）中的多个尺度（摄影/测量/生物多样性验证）的物理复杂性，生物多样性和多功能性之间的自然关系之间的关系。生态系统多功能性将使用功能性状数据库进行估算，并使用字段中验验证。 [Firth，Griffin，Foggo]（2）使用仿生瓷砖进行的两个操纵性野外实验将确定（1）结构特征是否会阻止/鼓励关键分类单元，并解散了繁殖压力（非生物过滤）和塞术后生物相互作用（生物效果过滤）（生物滤镜）对集会发展的作用； （2）面积（尺度）和空间异质性（排列）如何影响较大空间尺度下的生物多样性和多功能结果。实验将部署在Brixham（已授予的许可）[Firth，Hanley，Knights]（3）建模将测试GGI贴片的表面类型，密度，密度和空间异质性如何影响关键Grazers（例如Limpets）的可访问性和空间使用（例如，请参见OneDrive）。方法将涉及原位调查（照片/时间段）和建模（例如相关步行模型）。 [Firth，骑士]该项目允许学生在应用和理论生态建模以及一般研究技能方面发展备受追捧的技术和学术技能。主管团队的高质量博士学位培训和指导的田径记录，由学生领导的高质量研究成果证明，确保了出色的学生体验，包括融入一个充满活力的员工社区和在UOP和国外的学生。在国际会议（例如国际温带礁石研讨会）上的演讲中，将鼓励UOP和白羊座的培训课程，以发展其网络和科学沟通技巧。