Investigation of a Behavioral Substitute for Sunbathing

日光浴行为替代品的调查

• 批准号: 7034336
• 负责人: SHERRY L. PAGOTO
• 金额: $ 18.21万
• 依托单位: UNIV OF MASSACHUSETTS MED SCH WORCESTER
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2006
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2006-04-07 至 2008-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7034336
• 关键词: attitude; behavior therapy; behavioral /social science research tag; cancer risk; clinical research; digital imaging; dihydroxyacetone; disease /disorder prevention /control; disease /disorder proneness /risk; early /brief intervention /therapy; environmental exposure; health behavior; high risk behavior /lifestyle; longitudinal human study; medical outreach /case finding; motivation; perception; premature aging; psychobiology; questionnaires; radiation dosage; skin neoplasms; sunburn; sunscreens

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Skin cancer is the most prevalent cancer and of the most preventable cancers in the US because it is strongly linked to ultraviolet (UV) radiation exposure from the sun. While protecting oneself from UV exposure can largely reduce risk, rates of unprotected sun exposure (~50%) are currently well above the Healthy People 2010 goal of 25%. Prevention research thus far has had some impact on sunscreen use, but less impact on actual sun avoidance. Those most resistant to intervention efforts appear to be those who are motivated to be tan. The acceptability and feasibility of tanning substitutes for sun avoidance have never been investigated. Interventions might be improved by promoting behavioral substitutes for sun exposure that serve the same function as sunbathing (i.e., tan skin) thereby reducing the need to sunbathe. Sunless tanners are products that come in the form of creams, foams, and sprays to be applied directly to the skin and contain dihydroxyacetone (DMA), a colorless vegetable-derived sugar that temporarily stains the skin a tan color. Sunless tanners to our knowledge have not been evaluated as a skin cancer prevention tool. The present study includes 2 phases: development and pilot intervention. The aims of the initial development phase will be to 1) develop psychometrically sound measures of attitudes toward sunless tanners; 2) identify self-described beach-goers attitudes towards sunless tanning product use after a 2 week sampling period; 3) identify perceived barriers and benefits to the use of these products; 4) to develop potential motivational messages encouraging the use of sunless tanning products. The aims of the pilot intervention phase of this project will be to examine the feasibility and effect of a beach-based intervention that includes sun damage including sun safety recommendations, and the provision of samples of both sunscreen and sunless tanning products on sun exposure compared to a questionnaire-only control group at 2-and 12-month follow-up. The primary hypothesis posits that the intervention will decrease sunbathing and perceptions of the benefits of sunbathing compared to a questionnaire only control group. Second, a behavioral substitution hypothesis posits that decreased sunbathing will be associated with increased use of sunless tanning products. We also assess the effect of the intervention on perceived benefits of sunbathing, use of sunless tanners, sun protection, sunburns, perceived susceptibility to photoaging, and perceived severity of photoaging. Sunless tanners are a safe, economical, and widely available commercial product that with appropriate education and instruction could be a promising prevention tool. Prevention interventions that target high-risk segments of the community in settings where risk behavior occurs have potential for a large and focused public health impact.

描述（由申请人提供）：皮肤癌是美国最常见的癌症，也是最可预防的癌症，因为它与太阳紫外线 (UV) 辐射密切相关。虽然保护自己免受紫外线照射可以在很大程度上降低风险，但目前未受保护的阳光照射率 (~50%) 远高于 2010 年健康人口目标 25%。迄今为止的预防研究对防晒霜的使用产生了一些影响，但对实际避免阳光的影响较小。那些最抵制干预措施的人似乎是那些想要晒黑的人。从未研究过使用晒黑替代品来避免阳光照射的可接受性和可行性。可以通过推广与日光浴（即晒黑皮肤）具有相同功能的行为替代品来改善干预措施，从而减少日光浴的需要。免晒美黑剂是直接涂抹在皮肤上的乳霜、泡沫和喷雾剂形式的产品，含有二羟基丙酮 (DMA)，这是一种无色的植物糖，可暂时将皮肤染成棕褐色。据我们所知，免晒晒黑机尚未被评估为预防皮肤癌的工具。本研究包括两个阶段：开发和试点干预。初始开发阶段的目标是 1) 制定心理测量学上合理的措施来衡量对晒黑者的态度； 2) 在两周的采样期后，确定海滩游客对使用免晒美黑产品的态度； 3）确定使用这些产品的感知障碍和好处； 4) 制定潜在的激励信息，鼓励使用免晒美黑产品。该项目试点干预阶段的目的将是审查基于海滩的干预措施的可行性和效果，其中包括阳光伤害（包括阳光安全建议），并提供防晒霜和免晒美黑产品的样品，与日晒对比。仅进行问卷调查的对照组在 2 个月和 12 个月的随访中。主要假设认为，与仅进行问卷调查的对照组相比，干预措施将减少日光浴以及对日光浴益处的认知。其次，行为替代假说认为，日光浴次数的减少与免晒美黑产品的使用增加有关。我们还评估了干预措施对日光浴的感知益处、使用免晒美黑剂、防晒、晒伤、感知光老化敏感性以及感知光老化严重程度的影响。免晒晒黑机是一种安全、经济且广泛使用的商业产品，通过适当的教育和指导可以成为一种有前途的预防工具。针对发生危险行为的环境中社区高风险群体的预防干预措施有可能对公共卫生产生巨大而集中的影响。