Cyr61-induced breast cancer: Clinical relevance and therapeutic development

Cyr61 诱导的乳腺癌：临床相关性和治疗开发

• 批准号: 7146334
• 负责人: RUTH LUPU
• 金额: $ 28.49万
• 依托单位: NORTHSHORE UNIVERSITY HEALTHSYSTEM
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2006
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2006-08-18 至 2011-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7146334
• 关键词: breast neoplasms; mammary gland

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The angiogenic factor cysteine-rich angiogenic protein 61 (Cyr61), a member of the CCN protein family, is overexpressed in a biologically aggressive subset of breast carcinomas. Moreover, forced expression of Cyr61 in breast cells promotes tumor formation in nude mice. Our clinical evaluation of Cyr61 (n=189 paraffin embedded tumor specimens) revealed that 30% of invasive breast carcinomas overexpress Cyr61, with Cyr61 expression inversely correlating with estrogen-receptor expression and erbB-2 overexpression. These findings support the notion that Cyr61 is a novel prognostic marker for breast cancer progression. We have recently described that Cyr61 functions as a survival factor capable of decreasing breast cancer cell chemosensitivity to the microtubule-targeting agent Taxol, the drug of choice in the treatment of metastatic breast cancer. Additionally, we demonstrated that functional blockage of the Cyr61 integrin receptor alpha-v-beta3 with arginine-glycine-aspartate (RGD) peptidomimetics markedly decreases cell viability in MCF-7 cells engineered to overexpress Cyr61, whereas it had no effect on Cyr61-negative control cells. Furthermore, alpha-v-beta3 blockade caused Taxol sensitivity in MCF- 7/Cyr61 cells to return to that observed in Cyr61-negative control cells. We hypothesize that high levels of Cyr61 produced and secreted by breast cancer epithelial cells, bind to alpha-v-beta3 to stimulate growth in an autocrine manner. We hypothesize that Cyr61-dependent activation of alpha-v-beta3-driven cellular signaling actively regulates breast cancer cell survival, thus promoting a more aggressive and chemoresistant breast cancer phenotype. Consequently, we hypothesize that by interfering with the Cyr61-alpha-v-beta3 signaling we may concomitantly block metastatic progression and Taxol resistance in breast carcinomas. Our studies are designed not only to evaluate whether the interaction between Cyr61 and alpha-v-beta3 is necessary and/or sufficient to induce breast cancer tumorigenicity, metastasis and chemoresistance but also to determine whether Cyr61 plays a role in the etiology of breast cancer. Therefore, this systematic approach will clarify the prognostic and predictive value of Cyr61 in breast cancer disease. We have formulated the following aims: 1) To determine the impact of Cyr61 expression in breast cancer progression and to evaluate the significance and clinical contribution to the treatment decision, 2) To assess the contribution of Cyr61 in the initiation and/or promotion of breast cancer. We will determine how Cyr61 contributes to the preneoplastic transformation of non-committed breast epithelial cells (normal cells) and whether Cyr61 overexpression triggers the malignant development of pre-neoplastic lesions in the breast, 3) To evaluate whether the specific silencing of Cyr61 gene expression modulates breast cancer progression and sensitivity to chemotherapy-induced cell damage, 4) To determine the involvement of the Cyr61 receptor alpha-v-beta3 integrin in Cyr61-induced breast cancer progression and chemoresistance, and 5) To determine whether a functional interaction between Cyr61 and alpha-v-beta3 is necessary and/or sufficient to induce malignant transformation, metastatic progression and/or chemoresistance in breast epithelial cells. In summary, we propose a previously unrecognized mechanism of breast cancer etiology, aggressive progression and chemosensitivity, in which the different compartments of breast cancer do not develop resistance through heritable genetic mutations, rather, as a result of their exposure to pro-angiogenic survival/growth factors present in the tumor microenvironment (i.e., Cyr61), become metastatic as well as refractory to chemotherapy by activating autocrine/paracrine pro-survival loops (i.e., Cyr61/alpha-v-beta3). In addition, we will evaluate the relevance of a Cyr61- triggered "Cyr61/alpha-v-beta3 integrin loop" as a novel predictive marker for response to chemotherapy in breast cancer.

描述（由申请人提供）：血管生成因子富含半胱氨酸的血管生成蛋白 61 (Cyr61) 是 CCN 蛋白家族的成员，在乳腺癌的生物学侵袭性亚群中过度表达。此外，Cyr61在乳腺细胞中的强制表达可促进裸鼠肿瘤的形成。我们对 Cyr61（n=189 石蜡包埋肿瘤标本）的临床评估显示，30% 的浸润性乳腺癌过度表达 Cyr61，Cyr61 表达与雌激素受体表达和 erbB-2 过度表达呈负相关。这些发现支持 Cyr61 是乳腺癌进展的新型预后标志物的观点。我们最近描述了 Cyr61 作为一种生存因子，能够降低乳腺癌细胞对微管靶向剂紫杉醇的化学敏感性，紫杉醇是治疗转移性乳腺癌的首选药物。此外，我们证明，用精氨酸-甘氨酸-天冬氨酸 (RGD) 肽模拟物功能性阻断 Cyr61 整合素受体 α-v-β3 会显着降低经过工程改造以过度表达 Cyr61 的 MCF-7 细胞的细胞活力，而对 Cyr61 阴性的细胞没有影响控制细胞。此外，α-v-β3阻断导致MCF-7/Cyr61细胞中的紫杉醇敏感性恢复到Cyr61阴性对照细胞中观察到的水平。我们假设乳腺癌上皮细胞产生和分泌的高水平 Cyr61 与 alpha-v-beta3 结合，以自分泌方式刺激生长。我们假设 Cyr61 依赖性激活 alpha-v-beta3 驱动的细胞信号传导积极调节乳腺癌细胞的存活，从而促进更具侵袭性和化学耐药性的乳腺癌表型。因此，我们假设通过干扰 Cyr61-alpha-v-beta3 信号传导，我们可以同时阻断乳腺癌的转移进展和紫杉醇耐药性。我们的研究不仅旨在评估 Cyr61 和 alpha-v-beta3 之间的相互作用对于诱导乳腺癌致瘤性、转移和化疗耐药性是否是必要和/或充分的，而且还旨在确定 Cyr61 是否在乳腺癌病因学中发挥作用。因此，这种系统方法将阐明 Cyr61 在乳腺癌疾病中的预后和预测价值。我们制定了以下目标：1) 确定 Cyr61 表达对乳腺癌进展的影响，并评估其对治疗决策的意义和临床贡献，2) 评估 Cyr61 在乳腺癌发生和/或促进中的贡献癌症。我们将确定Cyr61如何促进非定型乳腺上皮细胞（正常细胞）的癌前转化以及Cyr61过度表达是否触发乳腺癌前病变的恶性发展，3）评估Cyr61基因表达的特异性沉默是否存在调节乳腺癌进展和对化疗引起的细胞损伤的敏感性，4) 确定 Cyr61 受体 α-v-β3 整合素在Cyr61诱导的乳腺癌进展和化疗耐药性，以及5)确定Cyr61和α-v-β3之间的功能性相互作用对于诱导乳腺上皮细胞的恶性转化、转移进展和/或化疗耐药性是否是必要和/或充分的。总之，我们提出了一种以前未被认识的乳腺癌病因、侵袭性进展和化疗敏感性的机制，其中乳腺癌的不同区室不会通过可遗传的基因突变产生耐药性，而是由于它们暴露于促血管生成存活/肿瘤微环境中存在的生长因子（即 Cyr61）通过激活自分泌/旁分泌促生存环而变得转移且对化疗耐药（即 Cyr61/alpha-v-beta3）。此外，我们将评估 Cyr61 触发的“Cyr61/α-v-β3 整合素环”作为乳腺癌化疗反应的新型预测标记的相关性。