ANATOMICAL BASIS OF DISORDERS OF EXECUTIVE FUNCTION

执行功能障碍的解剖学基础

• 批准号: 7085553
• 负责人: ANTOINE BECHARA
• 金额: $ 12.81万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF IOWA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2005
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2005-07-01 至 2007-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7085553
• 关键词: amygdala; behavioral /social science research tag; biomarker; brain injury; brain mapping; clinical research; cognition; decision making; frontal lobe /cortex; human subject; neural information processing; neuroanatomy; neuropsychological tests; neuropsychology; sensory cortex

The overall aim of this project is the investigation of the neurobiological basis of reasoning and decision-making, guided by a specific theoretical framework, the "somatic marker hypothesis". The hypothesis posits that decision-making defects in the personal and social realms are the result of defective engagement of emotion related signals ("somatic markers") that normally operate, covertly or overtly, to facilitate the process of making advantageous choices. In the current funding period, we have investigate anatomical, physiological, and cognitive aspects of a neural network presumed to underlie somatic marker activation and decision making. We confirmed that dysfunction in the ventromedial (VM) prefrontal cortex leads to a failure to enact somatic states and to decision-making defects. However, lesions in other neural regions, including the amygdala and the somatosensory cortices (SII, SI, and insula) also compromise somatic state activation and decision-making, suggesting that these several regions are part of a neural system involved in decision-making. Guided by the results obtained so far, the new studies we propose aim at defining the functional roles played by these components, and by others we propose here. The studies call for the testing of several hypotheses of several hypotheses using the lesion approached in cognitive and psychophysiological experiments. Disorders of decision-making are A prominent feature of the "dysexecutive syndrome" seen in stroke, head injury, and brain tumors. Such disorders are also prevalent in drug addiction, psychopathy, and borderline personality disorder. Our results will contribute to the understanding of normal and pathological mechanisms of decision- making and lead to the development of novel behavioral and pharmacological management strategies.

该项目的总体目标是在特定的理论框架“体细胞标记假说”的指导下，研究推理和决策的神经生物学基础。该假说认为，个人和社会领域的决策缺陷是情感相关信号（“躯体标记”）参与缺陷的结果，这些信号通常秘密或公开地运作，以促进做出有利选择的过程。在当前的资助期间，我们研究了被认为是体细胞标记激活和决策基础的神经网络的解剖学、生理学和认知方面。我们证实，腹内侧（VM）前额皮质功能障碍会导致无法表现出躯体状态并导致决策缺陷。然而，其他神经区域的病变，包括杏仁核和体感皮质（SII、SI 和岛叶），也会损害体细胞状态激活和决策，表明这几个区域是参与决策的神经系统的一部分。在迄今为止获得的结果的指导下，我们提出的新研究旨在定义这些组件以及我们在此提出的其他组件所发挥的功能作用。这些研究要求使用认知和心理生理学实验中接近的损伤来检验几个假设中的几个假设。决策障碍是中风、头部损伤和脑肿瘤中常见的“执行障碍综合征”的一个显着特征。此类疾病在吸毒成瘾、精神病和边缘性人格障碍中也很常见。我们的结果将有助于理解决策的正常和病理机制，并导致新的行为和药理学管理策略的发展。