ANATOMICAL BASIS OF DISORDERS OF EXECUTIVE FUNCTION

执行功能障碍的解剖学基础

• 批准号: 7085553
• 负责人: ANTOINE BECHARA
• 金额: $ 12.81万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF IOWA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2005
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2005-07-01 至 2007-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7085553
• 关键词: amygdala; behavioral /social science research tag; biomarker; brain injury; brain mapping; clinical research; cognition; decision making; frontal lobe /cortex; human subject; neural information processing; neuroanatomy; neuropsychological tests; neuropsychology; sensory cortex

The overall aim of this project is the investigation of the neurobiological basis of reasoning and decision-making, guided by a specific theoretical framework, the "somatic marker hypothesis". The hypothesis posits that decision-making defects in the personal and social realms are the result of defective engagement of emotion related signals ("somatic markers") that normally operate, covertly or overtly, to facilitate the process of making advantageous choices. In the current funding period, we have investigate anatomical, physiological, and cognitive aspects of a neural network presumed to underlie somatic marker activation and decision making. We confirmed that dysfunction in the ventromedial (VM) prefrontal cortex leads to a failure to enact somatic states and to decision-making defects. However, lesions in other neural regions, including the amygdala and the somatosensory cortices (SII, SI, and insula) also compromise somatic state activation and decision-making, suggesting that these several regions are part of a neural system involved in decision-making. Guided by the results obtained so far, the new studies we propose aim at defining the functional roles played by these components, and by others we propose here. The studies call for the testing of several hypotheses of several hypotheses using the lesion approached in cognitive and psychophysiological experiments. Disorders of decision-making are A prominent feature of the "dysexecutive syndrome" seen in stroke, head injury, and brain tumors. Such disorders are also prevalent in drug addiction, psychopathy, and borderline personality disorder. Our results will contribute to the understanding of normal and pathological mechanisms of decision- making and lead to the development of novel behavioral and pharmacological management strategies.

该项目的总体目的是研究推理和决策的神经生物学基础，在特定理论框架“体细胞标记假说”的指导下。该假设认为，个人和社会领域中的决策缺陷是相关信号（“体细胞标记”）的不良参与的结果，通常秘密或公开地运作，以促进做出有利选择的过程。在当前的资金期间，我们研究了假定是基于体细胞标记激活和决策的神经网络的解剖学，生理和认知方面。我们证实，腹侧（VM）前额叶皮层的功能障碍导致无法实现躯体状态和决策缺陷。然而，包括杏仁核和体感皮层在内的其他神经区域的病变（SII，SI和Insula）也损害了躯体状态的激活和决策，这表明这几个地区是参与决策的神经系统的一部分。在到目前为止获得的结果的指导下，我们提出的新研究旨在定义这些组件扮演的功能角色，以及其他我们在这里提出的其他研究。该研究要求使用在认知和心理生理实验中接近的病变来检验几种假设的几种假设。决策疾病是中风，头部损伤和脑肿瘤中“ DySexecteed综合征”的重要特征。这些疾病在药物成瘾，精神病和边缘性人格障碍中也普遍存在。我们的结果将有助于理解决策的正常和病理机制，并导致新型行为和药理管理策略的发展。