Efficacy of a Pregnancy, STI, or HIV Prevention Intervention to Change Condom Use

妊娠、性传播感染或艾滋病毒预防干预措施对改变安全套使用的功效

• 批准号: 7230792
• 负责人: Wynne E Norton
• 金额: $ 4.45万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CONNECTICUT STORRS
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2006
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2006-09-29 至 2009-07-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7230792
• 关键词: AIDS education /prevention; AIDS therapy; HIV infections; adolescence (12-20); age at pregnancy; behavioral /social science research tag; clinical research; clinical trials; computer system design /evaluation; condoms; disease /disorder prevention /control; family planning; high risk behavior /lifestyle; human subject; human therapy evaluation; predoctoral investigator; pregnancy; questionnaires; safe sex /sex abstinence; sex behavior; sexually transmitted diseases; social psychology; statistics /biometry; university student; young adult human (21-34)

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The purpose of this research proposal is to investigate the relative efficacy of pregnancy, STI, or HIV prevention-focused interventions on increasing condom use in heterosexual young adults. We predict, based on conceptual arguments developed in our proposal, that for heterosexual young adults, pregnancy- and STI-focused interventions will be more effective in promoting condom use than HIV-focused interventions. To the best of our knowledge, no research to date has directly compared the effects of pregnancy, STI, and HIV prevention-focused interventions in promoting condom use. The components of each intervention will be based on the Information-Motivation-Behavioral Skills model of health-behavior change (Fisher & Fisher, 1992). Each intervention will share common elements, but will have a pregnancy prevention, STI prevention, or an HIV prevention focus. Specific aim one will involve the design and pilot testing of separate pregnancy-, STI-, and HIV-focused experimental interventions and a matched-for-time control condition. Specific aim two will employ a randomized control intervention trial to test the relative efficacy of the three interventions and the matched-for-time control on condom use. Participants will complete intervention/outcome measures of condom use at pre-intervention, three months post-intervention, and six months post-intervention. The predicted finding-that for a heterosexual population a pregnancy or STI prevention-focused intervention will increase condom use more than an HIV prevention-focused intervention-has important theoretical implications, as well as implications for the future development and dissemination of effective HIV prevention interventions. Conceptually, we argue that health-behavior change interventions may be most effective when they focus on conditions that are both available and representative for the target population, rather than on conditions that are not salient in memory and do not accurately represent a typical member of the target population. This framework may apply to other public health domains, including cancer, diabetes, and heart disease. This proposal seeks to be an impetus leading to future health-behavior change interventions designed to target health conditions that threaten particular populations, and to use the availability and representativeness of that particular threat as a means to alleviate it.

描述（由申请人提供）：本研究计划的目的是调查以怀孕、性传播感染或艾滋病毒预防为重点的干预措施对增加异性恋年轻人使用安全套的相对功效。根据我们提案中提出的概念论证，我们预测，对于异性恋年轻人来说，以怀孕和性传播感染为重点的干预措施在促进安全套使用方面将比以艾滋病毒为重点的干预措施更有效。据我们所知，迄今为止还没有研究直接比较怀孕、性传播感染和艾滋病毒预防干预措施对促进安全套使用的影响。每个干预措施的组成部分将基于健康行为改变的信息-动机-行为技能模型（Fisher & Fisher，1992）。每项干预措施都有共同的要素，但都会以预防怀孕、预防性传播感染或预防艾滋病毒为重点。具体目标一将涉及针对怀孕、性传播感染和艾滋病毒的单独实验干预措施的设计和试点测试以及时间匹配的控制条件。具体目标二将采用随机对照干预试验来测试三种干预措施的相对功效以及对安全套使用的时间匹配控制。参与者将在干预前、干预后三个月和干预后六个月完成安全套使用的干预/结果测量。预测发现——对于异性恋人群来说，以怀孕或性传播感染预防为重点的干预措施将比以艾滋病毒预防为重点的干预措施更多地增加安全套的使用——具有重要的理论意义，也对未来有效的艾滋病毒预防干预措施的发展和传播具有重要意义。 。从概念上讲，我们认为，当健康行为改变干预措施关注目标人群现有且具有代表性的条件时，而不是关注记忆中不显着且不能准确代表目标人群典型成员的条件时，健康行为改变干预措施可能是最有效的。目标人群。该框架可能适用于其他公共卫生领域，包括癌症、糖尿病和心脏病。该提案旨在推动未来的健康行为改变干预措施，旨在针对威胁特定人群的健康状况，并利用该特定威胁的可用性和代表性作为缓解手段。