Characterisation and optimisation of the rumen microbiome

瘤胃微生物组的表征和优化

• 批准号: 2657335
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: University of Edinburgh
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Studentship
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2021 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=studentship-2657335
• 关键词: Characterisation; optimisation; rumen; microbiome

The rumen microbiome is arguably one of the most economically important microbiomes on the planet. Globally, there are over 1 billion cattle and other food-producing ruminants and they are of vital importance for food security, providing meat and dairy products to billions of humans. However, the current global food system fails to feed 10% of the 7 billion humans on the planet, and the population is set to exceed 9 billion in 2050 and 11 billion in 2100. As such, the FAO estimates that by 2050 meat production will need to increase by 76% and dairy production by 63%. At the same time we must reduce the impact of the food system on the environment. In short, we must produce more food using fewer resources.Understanding how ruminants convert their food into energy, and subsequently milk and muscle protein, is therefore of obvious importance. If we can improve the efficiency of food digestion by ruminants, we may be able to produce more food while using fewer resources, a key aim of improving global food security. The cow rumen is adapted for the breakdown of plant material into energy and nutrients, a task largely performed by enzymes encoded by the rumen microbiome. The rumen contains a microbial ecosystem in which a dense and complex mixture of bacteria, archaea, protozoa and fungi convert carbohydrates to short-chain, volatile fatty acids (VFAs).We have discovered thousands of novel Bacterial and Archaeal species in the cattle rumen, and we are able to predict their metabolic potential using computational techniques. However, full understanding of their role and behaviour in the rumen microbial ecosystem will require bringing these novel species into culture, and studying them in vitro and in vivo.In this PhD, you will (i) bring into culture important rumen microbial species, focusing on gaps in the current catalogue (there are an approximately 2,300 missing species; (ii) study these novel microbes in the lab in terms of their metabolic potential, and growth and behaviour on various substrates; (iii) build beneficial communities of microbes that mimic beneficial behaviour and study these communities using multi-omics techniques; (iv) test some of these communities in an animal trial to study their effect on important ruminant phenotypes

瘤胃微生物组可以说是地球上最重要的微生物组之一。在全球范围内，有超过10亿的牛和其他产生的反刍动物，对于粮食安全至关重要，为数十亿人类提供肉类和乳制品。但是，当前的全球粮食系统未能养活地球上70亿人类中的10％，在2050年的人口将超过90亿，在2100年将超过110亿。因此，粮农组织估计，到2050年，肉类的产量将需要增加76％，乳制品产量增加63％。同时，我们必须减少食品系统对环境的影响。简而言之，我们必须使用更少的资源生产更多的食物。理解反刍动物如何将其食物转化为能量，而随后牛奶和肌肉蛋白是显而易见的。如果我们可以提高反刍动物的食物消化效率，那么我们可以在使用更少的资源的同时生产更多的食物，这是改善全球粮食安全的关键目的。牛肉瘤被改编成将植物材料分解为能量和养分，这项任务主要由瘤胃微生物组编码的酶执行。瘤胃包含一个微生物生态系统，其中细菌，古细菌，原生动物和真菌的致密而复杂的混合物将碳水化合物转化为短链，挥发性脂肪酸（VFAS）。我们发现了成千上万种新型细菌和古细菌种类的牛umper液，我们可以使用他们的Metabolic compation compitigation Computigation Computigation Computigation Computigation Computigation Computigation Computigation Computigation技术。但是，对瘤胃微生物生态系统中的作用和行为的全面了解将需要将这些新型物种带入培养物，并在体外和体内研究它们。底物（III）建立模仿有益行为的微生物的有益社区，并使用多摩学技术研究这些社区；