Pesticide Exposure Assessment

农药暴露评估

• 批准号: 7063313
• 负责人: Asa Bradman
• 金额: $ 7.94万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA BERKELEY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 至
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7063313
• 关键词: Hispanic Americans; age difference; agriculture worker; blood chemistry; clinical research; environmental exposure; food contamination; household; human milk; human pregnant subject; human subject; infant human (0-1 year); nutrition related tag; organophosphorus insecticide; perinatal; preschool child (1-5); urinalysis

Recent studies demonstrate widespread pesticide exposures to pregnant women, fetuses, and young children. We have documented pesticide exposures to primarily low-income Latina pregnant women and their children. Pregnant women in our population had higher urinary metabolite levels compared to national eference data; metabolite levels were also higher immediately after birth, suggesting that physiological changes at parturition could increase neonatal exposures. We have also found that nearby pesticide use, the presence of farmworker household members, and the consumption of fruits and vegetable was associated with higher metabolite levels in infants. Our Specific Aims for the next five years are: (1) to evaluate changes in pre- and postpartum maternal pesticide excretion and to develop PBPK models describing the peripartum period; (2) to identify the best and most convenient biological media for assessing exposure to OP pesticides in children; (3) to quantify the relative contribution of diet to children's OP pesticide exposures in agricultural and urban communities; and (4) to characterize urinary OP metabolite levels in preschool and school-aged children and identify correlates of exposure. To meet Aim 1, we will enroll 30 women planning delivery by Cesarean section and analyze OP pesticides or metabolites in urine, blood, and breastmilk collected in the peripartum period. We will develop pregnancy-parturition-neonate PBPK models. To meet Aim 2, we will measure pesticides metabolites in 24-hour, first morning void, and random spot urine and saliva samples from 25 children and determine how well OP metabolite levels in the 24-hour "gold standard" measure are represented by alternative matrices. To meet Aim 3, we will conduct a two-phase cross-over trial, randomly assigning 20 children in an urban community and 20 children in an agricultural community to an organic or conventional diet for one week each. To meet Aim 4, we will measure OP pesticide exposure to children at ages 42 and 60 months and determine which factors, such as child age, home or agricultural pesticide use, season, or occupation of household members best predict these exposures. This continuation provides a unique opportunity to prospectively examine OP pesticide exposures to primarily Latino farmworker children living in an agricultural community. The overall goal of the Exposure Project is to identify the most important pesticide exposure pathways to young children so that effective and age-appropriate interventions and policies can be designed and implemented.

最近的研究表明，孕妇、胎儿和幼儿普遍接触农药。 我们记录了主要是低收入拉丁裔孕妇及其子女接触农药的情况。 与国家参考数据相比，我们人口中的孕妇的尿液代谢物水平较高；出生后代谢水平也较高，表明分娩时的生理变化可能会增加新生儿的暴露量。我们还发现，附近农药的使用、农场工人家庭成员的存在以及水果和蔬菜的消费与婴儿的较高代谢水平有关。我们未来五年的具体目标是：（1）评估产前和产后母体农药排泄的变化，并开发描述围产期的 PBPK 模型； (2) 确定评估儿童有机磷农药暴露情况的最佳和最方便的生物介质； (3) 量化饮食对农业和城市社区儿童有机磷农药暴露的相对贡献； (4) 表征学龄前和学龄儿童尿液中 OP 代谢水平，并确定暴露的相关性。为了实现目标 1，我们将招募 30 名计划剖腹产的妇女，分析围产期收集的尿液、血液和母乳中的有机磷农药或代谢物。我们将开发妊娠-分娩-新生儿PBPK模型。为了实现目标 2，我们将测量 24 小时内的农药代谢物、第一次早晨排尿以及随机抽取 25 个样本的尿液和唾液样本。 儿童并确定 24 小时“黄金标准”测量中 OP 代谢水平的好坏 由替代矩阵表示。为了实现目标 3，我们将进行一项两阶段交叉试验，随机分配城市社区的 20 名儿童和农业社区的 20 名儿童，每人为期一周的有机或传统饮食。为了实现目标 4，我们将测量 42 岁和 60 个月大的儿童接触有机磷农药的情况，并确定哪些因素（例如儿童年龄、家庭或农业农药的使用情况、季节或家庭成员的职业）最能预测这些接触情况。这个延续提供了 前瞻性地检查生活在农业社区的主要是拉丁裔农场工人儿童的有机磷农药暴露情况的独特机会。接触项目的总体目标是确定幼儿最重要的农药接触途径，以便设计和实施有效且适合年龄的干预措施和政策。