Cortical Responses to Cochlear Implant Stimulation

皮质对人工耳蜗植入刺激的反应

• 批准号: 8000702
• 负责人: LUKE Aaron JOHNSON
• 金额: $ 4.14万
• 依托单位: JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-04-08 至 2013-04-07
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8000702
• 关键词: Acoustics; Acute; Address; Anesthesia procedures; Animal Model; Animals; Area; Auditory; Auditory area; Biomedical Engineering; Brain; Callithrix; Callithrix jacchus jacchus; Chronic; Clinical; Cochlea; Cochlear Implants; Electric Stimulation; Ethics; Frequencies; Future; Goals; Grant; Head and Neck Surgery; Hearing; Human; Implant; Implanted Electrodes; Investigation; Knowledge; Learning; Maps; Mentors; Mentorship; Methods; Modeling; Neurons; Otolaryngology; Pattern; Physiologic pulse; Procedures; Process; Production; Property; Publications; Research; Research Personnel; Research Training; Signal Transduction; Site; Specificity; Speech; Stimulus; Students; Techniques; Technology; Time Study; Training; Writing; auditory feedback; awake; interest; neuromechanism; nonhuman primate; pre-doctoral; public health relevance; relating to nervous system; research study; response; speech processing

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The long-term goal of this project is to understand the neural mechanisms underlying restored hearing by cochlear implants (CI). We propose a new non-human primate model for CI research, the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus). Marmosets have a rich vocal repertoire, are highly communicative, and can potentially be used to study vocal production and auditory feedback mechanisms related to speech processing in CI subjects. Its hearing range is similar to that of humans and its auditory cortex shares similar organizations as humans, making it a valuable model to address issues in CI research pertaining to human users. As a first step towards our long term goal, we will examine the basic response properties of neurons in marmoset AC to electrical stimulation of the cochlea using both acute and chronic recording techniques. Aim 1 is to map activation areas in AC elicited by acoustic tone and electric current pulse stimuli. First, neural activity will be recorded from many sites across the tonotopic axis of primary AC in response to acoustic stimuli. The animal will then be deafened and implanted with a multi-channel CI electrode, and similar mapping will be conducted in response to electric stimulation. Activity patterns across AC in response to acoustic and electric stimuli will be compared, and the specificity and cochlear frequency-place areas of stimulation will be assessed. To allow for complete mapping in a short amount of time, this study will be done acutely in anesthetized marmosets. Because no one has ever attempted CI in marmosets, the experiments proposed in Aim 1 are necessary for us to establish this new CI model. Clinical CI processors use modulated pulse trains to transmit temporal features important in speech, so it is of great interest how such signals are represented in the brain. Since anesthesia influences temporal processing of cortical neurons, Aim 2 is to study the neural representation of temporally modulated electric pulse trains in awake, chronically implanted marmosets. The results of these aims will help elucidate brain processes involved in electric hearing, and establish the marmoset as a viable model for future CI research. The research and training goals in this grant define a year-by-year plan for the applicant that help prepare him to become an independent and successful academic researcher. The methods and procedures he will learn will allow him to (a) perform and critically analyze auditory research, (b) disseminate knowledge through written publications, (c) orally communicate research findings, (d) organize research goals through grant writing, and (e) conduct proper research practices through continued ethics training. To complete these objectives, the pre-doctoral student will be closely mentored by two sponsors in the Dept of Biomedical Engineering and Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery. A detailed plan for training and mentorship is presented. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: The purpose of this research is to develop a new animal model for studying the brain functions responsible for restored hearing by cochlear implants (CI). Results from investigations into how the brain processes acoustic and electric signals may be instrumental in guiding new CI technology improvements.

描述（由申请人提供）：该项目的长期目标是了解耳蜗植入物（CI）恢复听力的神经机制。我们提出了一种新的非人类灵长类动物模型，用于CI研究，即常见的Marmoset（Callithrix Jacchus）。摩尔果具有丰富的声音曲目，具有高度交流性，并且有可能用于研究与CI主题中语音处理有关的声音生产和听觉反馈机制。它的听力范围与人类及其听觉皮层相似，具有与人类相似的组织，使其成为解决与人类用户有关的CI研究问题的宝贵模型。作为朝着长期目标迈出的第一步，我们将使用急性和慢性记录技术研究Marmoset AC中神经元对耳蜗的电刺激的基本反应特性。目的1是通过声音和电流脉冲刺激引起的AC中的激活区域。首先，响应声学刺激，将记录从原代AC的整个轴心轴的许多位点记录神经活动。然后，该动物将被聋哑并用多通道CI电极植入，并将对电刺激进行类似的映射。将比较响应声学和电刺激的AC的活性模式，并将评估刺激的特异性和耳蜗频率区域。为了允许在短时间内进行完整的映射，本研究将在麻醉的果胶中敏锐地进行。由于没有人尝试过Marmoset中的CI，因此AIM 1中提出的实验对于我们建立这种新的CI模型是必要的。临床CI处理器使用调制的脉冲列来传递在语音中重要的时间特征，因此，大脑中这些信号的代表如何引起人们的极大关注。由于麻醉会影响皮质神经元的时间处理，因此AIM 2是在醒着的，长期植入的摩尔果中研究时间调节的电脉冲序列的神经表示。这些目标的结果将有助于阐明电气听力涉及的大脑过程，并建立Marmoset作为未来CI研究的可行模型。该赠款中的研究和培训目标为申请人定义了一份同比计划，这有助于他成为一名独立而成功的学术研究员。他将学习的方法和程序将使他能够（a）执行和批判性地分析听觉研究，（b）通过书面出版物传播知识，（c）口头交流研究结果，（d）通过赠款写作组织研究目标，以及（e）通过持续的道德培训进行适当的研究实践。为了完成这些目标，博士前的学生将在生物医学工程和耳鼻喉科学系中受到两个赞助商的密切指导 - 头部和颈部手术。提出了培训和指导的详细计划。 公共卫生相关性：这项研究的目的是开发一种新的动物模型，以研究负责人工耳蜗（CI）恢复听力的大脑功能。研究大脑过程如何进行声学和电信号的调查可能在指导新的CI技术改进方面发挥了作用。