Cortical Responses to Cochlear Implant Stimulation

皮质对人工耳蜗植入刺激的反应

• 批准号: 8000702
• 负责人: LUKE Aaron JOHNSON
• 金额: $ 4.14万
• 依托单位: JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-04-08 至 2013-04-07
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8000702
• 关键词: Acoustics; Acute; Address; Anesthesia procedures; Animal Model; Animals; Area; Auditory; Auditory area; Biomedical Engineering; Brain; Callithrix; Callithrix jacchus jacchus; Chronic; Clinical; Cochlea; Cochlear Implants; Electric Stimulation; Ethics; Frequencies; Future; Goals; Grant; Head and Neck Surgery; Hearing; Human; Implant; Implanted Electrodes; Investigation; Knowledge; Learning; Maps; Mentors; Mentorship; Methods; Modeling; Neurons; Otolaryngology; Pattern; Physiologic pulse; Procedures; Process; Production; Property; Publications; Research; Research Personnel; Research Training; Signal Transduction; Site; Specificity; Speech; Stimulus; Students; Techniques; Technology; Time Study; Training; Writing; auditory feedback; awake; interest; neuromechanism; nonhuman primate; pre-doctoral; public health relevance; relating to nervous system; research study; response; speech processing

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The long-term goal of this project is to understand the neural mechanisms underlying restored hearing by cochlear implants (CI). We propose a new non-human primate model for CI research, the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus). Marmosets have a rich vocal repertoire, are highly communicative, and can potentially be used to study vocal production and auditory feedback mechanisms related to speech processing in CI subjects. Its hearing range is similar to that of humans and its auditory cortex shares similar organizations as humans, making it a valuable model to address issues in CI research pertaining to human users. As a first step towards our long term goal, we will examine the basic response properties of neurons in marmoset AC to electrical stimulation of the cochlea using both acute and chronic recording techniques. Aim 1 is to map activation areas in AC elicited by acoustic tone and electric current pulse stimuli. First, neural activity will be recorded from many sites across the tonotopic axis of primary AC in response to acoustic stimuli. The animal will then be deafened and implanted with a multi-channel CI electrode, and similar mapping will be conducted in response to electric stimulation. Activity patterns across AC in response to acoustic and electric stimuli will be compared, and the specificity and cochlear frequency-place areas of stimulation will be assessed. To allow for complete mapping in a short amount of time, this study will be done acutely in anesthetized marmosets. Because no one has ever attempted CI in marmosets, the experiments proposed in Aim 1 are necessary for us to establish this new CI model. Clinical CI processors use modulated pulse trains to transmit temporal features important in speech, so it is of great interest how such signals are represented in the brain. Since anesthesia influences temporal processing of cortical neurons, Aim 2 is to study the neural representation of temporally modulated electric pulse trains in awake, chronically implanted marmosets. The results of these aims will help elucidate brain processes involved in electric hearing, and establish the marmoset as a viable model for future CI research. The research and training goals in this grant define a year-by-year plan for the applicant that help prepare him to become an independent and successful academic researcher. The methods and procedures he will learn will allow him to (a) perform and critically analyze auditory research, (b) disseminate knowledge through written publications, (c) orally communicate research findings, (d) organize research goals through grant writing, and (e) conduct proper research practices through continued ethics training. To complete these objectives, the pre-doctoral student will be closely mentored by two sponsors in the Dept of Biomedical Engineering and Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery. A detailed plan for training and mentorship is presented. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: The purpose of this research is to develop a new animal model for studying the brain functions responsible for restored hearing by cochlear implants (CI). Results from investigations into how the brain processes acoustic and electric signals may be instrumental in guiding new CI technology improvements.

描述（由申请人提供）：该项目的长期目标是了解人工耳蜗（CI）恢复听力的神经机制。我们提出了一种用于 CI 研究的新非人类灵长类动物模型，即普通狨猴 (Callithrix jacchus)。狨猴拥有丰富的发声能力，沟通能力强，可用于研究与 CI 受试者的语音处理相关的发声和听觉反馈机制。它的听力范围与人类相似，听觉皮层与人类具有相似的组织，这使其成为解决与人类用户相关的 CI 研究问题的有价值的模型。作为实现我们长期目标的第一步，我们将使用急性和慢性记录技术检查狨猴 AC 神经元对耳蜗电刺激的基本反应特性。目标 1 是绘制由声调和电流脉冲刺激引起的交流电激活区域。首先，将记录初级 AC 音调轴上许多位点响应声刺激的神经活动。然后将动物弄聋并植入多通道 CI 电极，并根据电刺激进行类似的映射。将比较 AC 响应声学和电刺激的活动模式，并评估刺激的特异性和耳蜗频率区域。为了能够在短时间内完成绘图，这项研究将在麻醉的狨猴身上进行。由于没有人在狨猴中尝试过 CI，因此目标 1 中提出的实验对于我们建立这种新的 CI 模型是必要的。临床 CI 处理器使用调制脉冲序列来传输语音中重要的时间特征，因此人们非常感兴趣如何在大脑中表示这些信号。由于麻醉影响皮质神经元的时间处理，目标 2 是研究清醒的、长期植入的狨猴中时间调制电脉冲序列的神经表征。这些目标的结果将有助于阐明与电听觉有关的大脑过程，并将狨猴建立为未来 CI 研究的可行模型。这笔赠款中的研究和培训目标为申请人制定了逐年计划，帮助他做好成为一名独立且成功的学术研究员的准备。他将学习的方法和程序将使他能够（a）执行和批判性地分析听觉研究，（b）通过书面出版物传播知识，（c）口头交流研究结果，（d）通过资助写作来组织研究目标，以及（ e) 通过持续的道德培训进行适当的研究实践。为了完成这些目标，博士前学生将得到生物医学工程和耳鼻喉科-头颈外科系的两位资助者的密切指导。提出了详细的培训和指导计划。 公共健康相关性：本研究的目的是开发一种新的动物模型，用于研究通过人工耳蜗 (CI) 恢复听力的大脑功能。对大脑如何处理声学和电信号的研究结果可能有助于指导新的 CI 技术改进。