SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION AND PROCESSING IN CHEMORECEPTORS

化学受体中的信号转导和处理

• 批准号: 6529109
• 负责人: SALVATORE J FIDONE
• 金额: $ 111.45万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF UTAH
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1978
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1978-06-01 至 2005-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6529109
• 关键词: biological signal transduction; chemoreceptors

The collective goal of the proposed research is to analyze the essential elements in signal transduction and processing common to diverse chemosensory receptors, and to elucidate unique adaptations in these pathways which enable them to subserve specific receptor functions under a variety of environmental conditions. In this multi-disciplinary endeavor, a collaborative research will facilitate the exchange of ideas and data and support the mutual progress of the constituent projects. Common themes amongst the four projects include: 1) environmentally-mediated plasticity in sensory function, 2) parallel processing of sensory input, and 3) multi- modal detection capabilities. The first project examines odorant signal processing in zebrafish, where general odorants vs. pheromones activated signal-specific transduction cascades which are proposed separately in lateral and medial olfactory bulbs, respectively. Experiments will examine the hypothesis that processing of these distinct sensory signals occurs independently via different mechanisms in these two regions of the bulb. The second project investigates chronic hypoxia-induced adaptations in rat petrosal ganglion chemoafferent neurons which innervate arterial chemoreceptors of the carotid body. This project will characterize altered phenotypic expression in these neurons, the mechanisms which control neuroplastic changes, and the relationship between chemoafferent neuron adaptation and altered chemotransmission in the carotid body. The third project hypothesizes that cross-talk during odor transduction plays a vital role in the coding of odor mixtures in single squid olfactory receptor neurons. Various steps in odorant transduction cascades will be examined to determine the mechanisms underlying odor mixture interactions. These studies will further elucidate how the mixture code for odor recognition is generated across the sensory epithelium. Finally, the fourth project will test the hypothesis that, in addition to chemical transmission, electrical coupling via gap functions exists between O2-sensitive type I cells in rat carotid body and their chemoafferent nerve terminals. These findings may help resolve long standing questions regarding the physiological role of neuroactive agents released from type I cells in response to hypoxia.

拟议研究的共同目标是分析不同化学感应受体共有的信号转导和处理的基本要素，并阐明这些途径的独特适应，使它们能够在各种环境条件下促进特定受体功能。在这项多学科的努力中，合作研究将促进思想和数据的交流，并支持各组成项目的共同进步。这四个项目的共同主题包括：1）感觉功能中环境介导的可塑性，2）感觉输入的并行处理，以及3）多模态检测能力。第一个项目研究斑马鱼的气味信号处理，其中一般气味剂与信息素激活信号特异性转导级联，分别在外侧和内侧嗅球中分别提出。实验将检验这样的假设：这些不同的感觉信号的处理是通过灯泡的这两个区域的不同机制独立发生的。第二个项目研究慢性缺氧引起的大鼠岩神经节化学传入神经元的适应，这些神经元支配颈动脉体的动脉化学感受器。该项目将表征这些神经元中表型表达的改变、控制神经塑性变化的机制，以及化学传入神经元适应与颈动脉体中化学传递改变之间的关系。第三个项目假设气味转导过程中的串扰在单个鱿鱼嗅觉受体神经元的气味混合物编码中起着至关重要的作用。将检查气味转导级联中的各个步骤，以确定气味混合物相互作用的机制。这些研究将进一步阐明气味识别的混合代码是如何在感觉上皮细胞中生成的。最后，第四个项目将测试以下假设：除了化学传递之外，大鼠颈动脉体中的 O2 敏感 I 型细胞与其化学传入神经末梢之间还存在通过间隙功能的电耦合。这些发现可能有助于解决有关 I 型细胞响应缺氧释放的神经活性剂的生理作用的长期存在的问题。