Emotions, Race, Gender and Crusading in Fifteenth-Century Burgundian Prose Epics and Chronicles

十五世纪勃艮第散文史诗和编年史中的情感、种族、性别和十字军东征

• 批准号: 2598262
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: University of Liverpool
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Studentship
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2021 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=studentship-2598262
• 关键词: Emotions; Race; Gender; Crusading; Fifteenth

The crusade plans of Duke Philip the Good of Burgundy (r. 1419-1467) were central to his court's culture; they were a means of asserting the power of the ever-expanding state of Burgundy, which was a key centre of literary and artistic production in late-medieval Europe. Philip, himself born when his father was on crusade in Nicopolis in 1396, was influenced by models of ethical and political conduct in lavishly illustrated prose reworkings (updated versions) of earlier verse epics and romances. Unlike in earlier centuries, women no longer participated in crusades, yet, paradoxically, crusading in this later period was often more inspired by "courtly love" than religious fervour: at the Banquet of the Pheasant of 1454, men publicly took crusading oaths in front of women, in response to a female personification of the Holy Church threatened by a "Saracen", signifying Constantinople which had just fallen to the Ottoman Turks.While some prose romances and chronicles have recently been readdressed by scholars, later prose epics remain neglected concerning text/image relations and emotions. In recent years, medievalists have paid more attention to the History of Emotions, but it has yet to be applied fully to Burgundy, especially in terms of chivalric masculinity. Studies of crusading sources employing critical race theory are only just emerging and, while literary scholars have addressed race, religion, and gender in several earlier French verse epics, an intersectional study covering later prose reworkings of epic material is long overdue.The thesis will address the following issues:How crusader emotions are depicted in text and image in illuminated manuscripts;How text and image depict emotional attitudes to gender or race and how they would have been interpreted in their historical context;How literary or artistic traditions and crusading influenced depictions of emotion in relation to race and gender identities;How evolving ideals of chivalric masculinity and crusader motivation appear in sources containing historical models for crusading or cross-cultural relations.The study will, therefore, analyse depictions of emotions concerning Muslim and Burgundian "racial-religious" and gender identities at the court of Philip the Good through selected manuscripts of three neglected prose epics and an epic-based prose chronicle:The anonymous Fierabras, ante 1410; Belle Hélène de Constantinople, 1448; Renaut de Montauban, ante 1462; Croniques et Conquestes de Charlemaine, 1458. The thesis will draw on modern gender and critical race theory in order to analyse how crusading emotions (e.g. pride, fear, anger, and hatred etc.) are represented through facial expressions, clothing and settings in images, how emotions are expressed in written terminology, and how performative emotional displays intertwine with crusader spirituality. It will also analyse how far Barbara Rosenwein's influential concept of emotional communities applies to the sources. It will employ Rosenwein's method of quantitative analysis of emotion terms, studying their gendered and "racialised" distribution in order to compare the texts under study. These data will be nuanced and contextualised by close literary analysis of the texts and examination of the etymologies of Middle French emotion terms. Furthermore, the thesis will consider the influence of earlier verse epics and chronicles on fifteenth-century Burgundian writers and audiences, examining how depictions of emotions vary between gender and "racial-religious" identities and how these depictions feed into the construction of performative, emotional crusading ideologies.This project will make an original contribution to the fields of medieval French literature, the History of Emotions, art history, and gender and critical race studies by examining manuscripts almost entirely neglected by critics and thus providing new insight into life at the court of Philip the Good.

勃艮第公爵菲利普一世（1419-1467 年在位）的十字军计划是其宫廷文化的核心；它们是维护勃艮第不断扩张的国家权力的一种手段，而勃艮第是文学和艺术的重要中心。菲利普出生于 1396 年他的父亲在尼科波利斯参加十字军东征时，他受到了插图丰富的散文中的道德和政治行为模式的影响。与之前几个世纪不同，女性不再参与十字军东征，但矛盾的是，后来的十字军东征往往更多地受到“宫廷之爱”的启发，而不是宗教热情：在宴会上。 1454年的雉鸡，男人在女人面前公开宣誓十字军，以回应神圣教会的女性化身受到“撒拉逊人”的威胁，象征着刚刚落入奥斯曼土耳其人手中的君士坦丁堡。虽然一些散文传奇和编年史最近被学者们重新审视，但后来的散文史诗在文本/图像关系和情感方面仍然受到忽视。近年来，中世纪主义者更加关注中世纪的历史。情感，但它尚未完全应用于勃艮第，特别是在骑士精神方面，运用批判种族理论对十字军来源的研究才刚刚兴起，而文学学者已经讨论了种族、宗教、早在几首法国史诗诗歌中就已经出现了一些关于后来的散文改编的交叉研究。本论文将解决以下问题：插图手稿中的文本和图像如何描绘十字军的情感；文本和图像如何描绘情感对性别或种族的态度以及它们在历史背景下如何被解释；文学或艺术传统和十字军东征如何影响与种族和性别身份相关的情感影响；骑士男子气概的理想如何演变和十字军动机出现在包含十字军东征或跨文化关系的历史模型的资料中。因此，本研究将通过选定的三名手稿，分析菲利普一世宫廷中穆斯林和勃艮第人“种族宗教”和性别身份的情感表征。被忽视的散文史诗和基于史诗的散文编年史：《匿名的菲拉布拉斯》，1410 年之前；《君士坦丁堡的贝尔·海伦》，1448 年； Montauban，1462 年之前；Croniques et Conquestes de Charlemaine，1458 年。该论文将利用现代性别和批判种族理论来分析十字军情绪（例如骄傲、恐惧、愤怒和仇恨等）如何通过面部表情来表达，图像中的服装和背景，如何用书面术语表达情感，以及表演性的情感表现如何与十字军精神交织在一起。分析芭芭拉·罗森温 (Barbara Rosenwein) 的情感社区概念在多大程度上适用于来源。它将采用罗森温 (Rosenwein) 的情感术语定量分析方法，研究其性别和“种族化”分布，以便对所研究的文本进行细致入微的比较。此外，本文还将考虑早期诗歌史诗和编年史对十五世纪勃艮第作家和观众的影响。对情感的描述如何在性别和“种族宗教”身份之间变化，以及这些描述如何融入表演性、情感十字军意识形态的构建。该项目将为中世纪法国文学、情感史、艺术等领域做出原创贡献通过检查几乎完全被批评家忽视的手稿，进行历史、性别和批判种族研究，从而为菲利普一世宫廷的生活提供新的见解。