Improving Public Health Policy for Adolescents

改善青少年公共卫生政策

• 批准号: 6911228
• 负责人: James Niels Rosenquist
• 金额: $ 2.92万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2005
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2005-03-01 至 2005-11-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6911228
• 关键词: academic achievement; adolescence (12-20); behavior prediction; behavioral /social science research tag; behavioral genetics; clinical depression; clinical research; gene environment interaction; genetic markers; genotype; health care policy; human data; human subject; public health; questionnaires; smoking; tobacco abuse

DESCRIPTION (provided by the applicant): This applicant plans to study the determinants of adolescent smoking and depression, as well as their separate and combined effects on student performance. These issues are of great interest to policy makers due to their long-term impact on public health. Policy interventions in these areas have been based largely on past research findings that either assume a level of homogeneity between individuals that may not be appropriate, or cannot control for endogeneity concerns in establishing causality. This proposal will utilize a unique panel dataset of 1100 adolescents that also includes genetic markers. By exploiting the endogenous variation in these markers and their predictive effect on adolescent smoking and health (in this case, depression), two main questions of interest can be answered: 1) Are current models of smoking demand and depression among youth biased when account is not taken of genetic variation among individualsisn't accounted for 2) What is the true impact of smoking status and depression on GPA over time? To answer the first question, a single stage OLS estimation strategy will be employed, comparing estimators of smoking and depression with and without genetic markers. Question2 will be considered using a two-staged least squares estimator that utilizes genetic variation as an instrumental variable (IV). The interdisciplinary support provided by the health economists, psychologists and physicians on the applicant's committee serves to ensure that these analytical goals are within reach and will be translated for, and disseminated to, a wide variety of audiences. This research is of particular relevance to policy makers for 2 reasons. First, the questions it seeks to address are areas highlighted in related documents, including Healthy People 2010, as public health priorities. These priorities include reducing cigarette usage and depression among adolescents, and improving educational outcomes (which have been linked to improved health outcomes in the future). Second, it pioneers in the use of genetic markers as a tool for researchers to better understand health and other economic behaviors.

描述（由申请人提供）：该申请人计划研究青少年吸烟和抑郁症的决定因素，及其对学生绩效的独立和综合影响。 这些问题由于对公共卫生的长期影响而引起了决策者的极大兴趣。 这些领域的政策干预措施主要基于过去的研究发现，这些发现要么假定个人之间可能不合适的同质性，要么不能控制建立因果关系的内生性问题。 该建议将利用1100名青少年的独特面板数据集，其中还包括遗传标记。 通过利用这些标记的内源性差异及其对青春期吸烟和健康的预测作用（在这种情况下为抑郁症），可以回答两个主要问题：1）当前的吸烟需求和抑郁模型是在对个人遗传变异中没有偏向于个体的遗传变异时，未考虑2）对GPA的真实影响和抑郁症的影响是什么？ 为了回答第一个问题，将采用单阶段的OLS估计策略，以有或没有遗传标记的方式比较吸烟和抑郁的估计量。 将使用将遗传变异用作仪器变量（IV）的两期最小二乘估计量考虑问题2。 卫生经济学家，心理学家和医生在申请人委员会提供的跨学科支持旨在确保这些分析目标已触及，并将被转化为各种各样的观众。 这项研究与决策者特别相关，原因有2个。 首先，它寻求解决的问题是相关文件中突出显示的领域，包括2010年健康人作为公共卫生的重点。 这些优先事项包括减少青少年的香烟使用和抑郁症，以及改善教育成果（这与未来改善的健康结果有关）。 其次，它开创了使用遗传标记作为研究人员更好地了解健康和其他经济行为的工具。