Improving Public Health Policy for Adolescents

改善青少年公共卫生政策

• 批准号: 6911228
• 负责人: James Niels Rosenquist
• 金额: $ 2.92万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2005
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2005-03-01 至 2005-11-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6911228
• 关键词: academic achievement; adolescence (12-20); behavior prediction; behavioral /social science research tag; behavioral genetics; clinical depression; clinical research; gene environment interaction; genetic markers; genotype; health care policy; human data; human subject; public health; questionnaires; smoking; tobacco abuse

DESCRIPTION (provided by the applicant): This applicant plans to study the determinants of adolescent smoking and depression, as well as their separate and combined effects on student performance. These issues are of great interest to policy makers due to their long-term impact on public health. Policy interventions in these areas have been based largely on past research findings that either assume a level of homogeneity between individuals that may not be appropriate, or cannot control for endogeneity concerns in establishing causality. This proposal will utilize a unique panel dataset of 1100 adolescents that also includes genetic markers. By exploiting the endogenous variation in these markers and their predictive effect on adolescent smoking and health (in this case, depression), two main questions of interest can be answered: 1) Are current models of smoking demand and depression among youth biased when account is not taken of genetic variation among individualsisn't accounted for 2) What is the true impact of smoking status and depression on GPA over time? To answer the first question, a single stage OLS estimation strategy will be employed, comparing estimators of smoking and depression with and without genetic markers. Question2 will be considered using a two-staged least squares estimator that utilizes genetic variation as an instrumental variable (IV). The interdisciplinary support provided by the health economists, psychologists and physicians on the applicant's committee serves to ensure that these analytical goals are within reach and will be translated for, and disseminated to, a wide variety of audiences. This research is of particular relevance to policy makers for 2 reasons. First, the questions it seeks to address are areas highlighted in related documents, including Healthy People 2010, as public health priorities. These priorities include reducing cigarette usage and depression among adolescents, and improving educational outcomes (which have been linked to improved health outcomes in the future). Second, it pioneers in the use of genetic markers as a tool for researchers to better understand health and other economic behaviors.

描述（由申请人提供）：该申请人计划研究青少年吸烟和抑郁的决定因素，以及它们对学生表现的单独和综合影响。 由于这些问题对公共卫生的长期影响，政策制定者非常感兴趣。 这些领域的政策干预主要基于过去的研究结果，这些研究结果要么假设个体之间的同质性水平可能不合适，要么无法控制建立因果关系时的内生性问题。 该提案将利用包含 1100 名青少年的独特面板数据集，其中还包括遗传标记。 通过利用这些标志物的内源性变异及其对青少年吸烟和健康（在本例中为抑郁症）的预测作用，可以回答两个主要的问题：1）当前的青少年吸烟需求和抑郁症模型在考虑时是否存在偏差？没有考虑个体之间的遗传变异 2) 随着时间的推移，吸烟状况和抑郁症对 GPA 的真正影响是什么？ 为了回答第一个问题，将采用单阶段 OLS 估计策略，比较有和没有遗传标记的吸烟和抑郁的估计量。 将使用两阶段最小二乘估计器来考虑问题 2，该估计器利用遗传变异作为工具变量 (IV)。 申请人委员会的健康经济学家、心理学家和医生提供的跨学科支持有助于确保这些分析目标可以实现，并将被翻译和传播给广泛的受众。 这项研究与政策制定者特别相关，原因有两个。 首先，它寻求解决的问题是相关文件中强调的领域，包括《2010年健康人民》中作为公共卫生优先事项的领域。 这些优先事项包括减少青少年的吸烟率和抑郁症，以及改善教育成果（这与未来健康状况的改善有关）。 其次，它率先使用遗传标记作为研究人员更好地了解健康和其他经济行为的工具。