Dynamical Factors in the Development of Motor Skill

运动技能发展的动力因素

• 批准号: 6861759
• 负责人: Joseph Steinmetz
• 金额: $ 52.49万
• 依托单位: TRUSTEES OF INDIANA UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1987
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1987-03-01 至 2007-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6861759
• 关键词: behavior test; behavioral /social science research tag; behavioral habituation /sensitization; body movement; books; child physical development; child psychology; clinical research; cognition; computer simulation; electromyography; human subject; infant human (0-1 year); learning; longitudinal human study; memory; model design /development; neural information processing; neuromuscular function; performance; preschool child (1-5); psychological models; psychomotor function; robotics; statistics /biometry

The goal of this research program is to understand the acquisition of motor skills in infancy and early childhood. Specifically, this research is concerned with the dual-nature of skill: how children learn to become both stable in their performance and flexible in their abilities to engage in new tasks. The studies are informed by a dynamic systems perspective and address skill development in terms of dynamics tested and coupled over levels and time scales. This theoretical approach focuses on the multiple, interacting factors that lead to movement. Here we especially consider how perception, motor memory, and task intersect in producing movements of eyes and head, and manual actions of varying complexities. Studies look at changes in real and developmental time and include empirical research, model simulation and robotics. Specific Aim 1 is based on a new model of infant visual habituation. In six experiments, we manipulate the metric parameters contributing to infants' development of visual attention. In Specific Aim 2 we study the dynamics of action memories for simple reaching with hands and with feed in infants and toddlers, and how those memories interact with visual attention. Specific Aim 3 is to study the dynamics of complex motor actions. Infants and toddlers are tested with toys of varying complexity to understand how recent and longer-term experience affect their tendencies to repeat or switch to new actions. In Specific Aim 4 we implement these theoretical models in an autonomous robot to further explore mechanisms of real time behavior and its developmental course. Specific Aim 5 is to continue experiments on infant limb perturbations currently funded and Specific Aim 6 to write a book on development of embodied cognition based on these and previous experimental and modeling work. These studies impact upon our understanding of basic mechanisms of skill development and continue to contribute new theories of clinical intervention in pediatric physical and occupational therapy.

该研究计划的目的是了解婴儿期和幼儿期运动技能的获取。具体来说，这项研究与技能的双重性有关：孩子如何学会在表现方面变得稳定，又可以灵活从事新任务。这些研究是通过动态系统的观点来告知的，并以测试和耦合在级别和时间尺度上的动态方面解决了技能开发。这种理论方法着重于导致运动的多个相互作用的因素。在这里，我们特别考虑在产生眼睛和头部运动以及各种复杂性的手动动作时如何相交的感知，运动记忆和任务相交。研究着眼于实际和发育时间的变化，包括实证研究，模型模拟和机器人技术。特定目标1基于婴儿视觉习惯的新模型。在六个实验中，我们操纵导致婴儿视觉注意力发展的公制参数。在特定目标2中，我们研究了动作记忆的动力学，以便用手和幼儿中的饲料简单地伸手，以及这些记忆如何与视觉注意力相互作用。特定目的3是研究复杂运动动作的动力学。对婴儿和幼儿的复杂性玩具进行了测试，以了解最近和长期经验如何影响他们重复或转向新动作的趋势。在特定目标4中，我们在自主机器人中实施了这些理论模型，以进一步探索实时行为及其发展过程的机制。具体目的5是继续对当前资助的婴儿肢体扰动进行实验，并根据这些和以前的实验和建模工作撰写有关体现认知发展的书籍。这些研究影响了我们对技能发展基本机制的理解，并继续为小儿物理和职业治疗中的临床干预提供新的理论。