Development of West Nile virus surveillance systems and

开发西尼罗河病毒监测系统和

• 批准号: 6912155
• 负责人: LARRY CLARK
• 金额: $ 20.04万
• 依托单位: NATIONAL WILDLIFE RESEARCH CENTER
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2005
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2005-09-30 至 2008-09-29
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6912155
• 关键词: Aves; Insecta; West Nile virus; animal ecology; arthropod borne communicable disease; behavioral /social science research tag; computer simulation; disease vectors; epidemiology; epizootiology; ethology; field study; wild animals; zoonosis

Description (provided by applicant): We will develop a spatially explicit simulation model that will predict the temporal and spatial distribution of West Nile virus (WNV) in multi-host and multi-vector systems. To achieve this goal, data from existing sources, proposed experiments, and proposed observations will be used to set the types of interactions and place realistic limits on the parameters of the model. Additionally, we have identified a system that will be useful as a surveillance system for amplification dynamics of WNV and human health risk. Nesting cliff swallows and house sparrows that opportunistically use cliff swallow colonies are in intimate contact with cimicid swallow bugs early in the spring of each year. We have pilot data to show that both bugs and swallows become infected with WNV. If the bugs maintain viable virus over winter then there is an opportunity to infect avian hosts quickly and efficiently the following spring. This in turn would allow for the rapid establishment of areas of high intensity of infection. Mosquitoes that feed on nestlings and adults are then more likely to become infected relative to the populations away from swallow colonies and riparian areas. Because mosquitoes can travel up to several miles from the site where they acquired the infection, they represent a source of infection to the general avian population and other incidental hosts. Our experiments are designed to test the assertion that swallow bugs are a source of early season infection and the spatial pattern to WNV prevalence in mosquito populations near and at some distance from cliff swallow colonies. Other studies by this group, but not part of this funding proposal, are designed to monitor infection rates of the general avian community away from cliff swallow sites. Finally, because we will be sampling areas inside and outside mosquito control districts we will be able to asses whether existing vector (mosquito) control programs are effective at decreasing the amplification potential and intensity of WNV infection of hosts and vectors. This study will provide both a risk management simulation model and empirical surveillance system.

描述（由申请人提供）：我们将开发一个空间明确的模拟模型，该模型将预测西尼罗河病毒（WNV）在多宿主和多载体系统中的时间和空间分布。为了实现这一目标，来自现有来源、提议的实验和提议的观察的数据将用于设置相互作用的类型并对模型的参数设置现实的限制。此外，我们还确定了一个可用作西尼罗河病毒和人类健康风险放大动态监测系统的有用系统。每年早春，筑巢的崖燕和家麻雀会趁机利用崖燕群落与升麻燕虫进行密切接触。我们的试点数据表明，虫子和燕子都会感染西尼罗河病毒。如果这些虫子在冬天保持存活的病毒，那么来年春天就有机会快速有效地感染鸟类宿主。这反过来又会导致高强度感染区域的快速建立。相对于远离燕子栖息地和河岸地区的蚊子，以雏鸟和成虫为食的蚊子更有可能被感染。由于蚊子可以传播到距感染地点数英里的地方，因此它们是一般鸟类和其他偶然宿主的感染源。我们的实验旨在检验燕虫是早季感染源的论点，以及悬崖燕子群附近和一定距离的蚊子种群中西尼罗河病毒流行的空间模式。该小组的其他研究（但不属于本资助提案的一部分）旨在监测远离悬崖燕子地点的一般鸟类群落的感染率。最后，由于我们将对蚊子控制区内外的区域进行采样，我们将能够评估现有的媒介（蚊子）控制计划是否能有效降低宿主和媒介的西尼罗河病毒感染的扩增潜力和强度。本研究将提供风险管理模拟模型和实证监督系统。

项目成果

Cliff swallows, swallow bugs, and West Nile virus: an unlikely transmission mechanism.

崖燕、燕虫和西尼罗河病毒：一种不太可能的传播机制。

• DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2009.0113
• 发表时间: 2010
• 期刊: Vector borne and zoonotic diseases (Larchmont, N.Y.)
• 作者: Oesterle,Paul;Nemeth,Nicole;Young,Ginger;Mooers,Nicole;Elmore,Stacey;Bowen,Richard;Doherty,Paul;Hall,Jeffrey;McLean,Robert;Clark,Larry
• 通讯作者: Clark,Larry

Experimental exposure of swallow bugs (Hemiptera: Cimicidae) to West Nile virus.

燕子（半翅目：臭虫科）接触西尼罗河病毒的实验。

• DOI: 10.1603/me10039
• 发表时间: 2010
• 期刊: Journal of medical entomology
• 影响因子: 2.1
• 作者: Oesterle,Paul;Nemeth,Nicole;Doherty,Paul;McLean,Robert;Clark,Larry
• 通讯作者: Clark,Larry

Experimental infection of cliff swallows (Petrochelidon pyrrhonota) with varying doses of West Nile virus.

用不同剂量的西尼罗河病毒实验性感染悬崖燕子（Petrochelidonpyrrhonota）。

• DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.2009.09-0136
• 发表时间: 2009
• 期刊: The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene
• 作者: Oesterle,PaulT;Nemeth,NicoleM;VanDalen,Kaci;Sullivan,Heather;Bentler,KevinT;Young,GingerR;McLean,RobertG;Clark,Larry;Smeraski,Cynthia;Hall,JeffreyS
• 通讯作者: Hall,JeffreyS