Development of West Nile virus surveillance systems and

开发西尼罗河病毒监测系统和

• 批准号: 6912155
• 负责人: LARRY CLARK
• 金额: $ 20.04万
• 依托单位: NATIONAL WILDLIFE RESEARCH CENTER
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2005
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2005-09-30 至 2008-09-29
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6912155
• 关键词: Aves; Insecta; West Nile virus; animal ecology; arthropod borne communicable disease; behavioral /social science research tag; computer simulation; disease vectors; epidemiology; epizootiology; ethology; field study; wild animals; zoonosis

Description (provided by applicant): We will develop a spatially explicit simulation model that will predict the temporal and spatial distribution of West Nile virus (WNV) in multi-host and multi-vector systems. To achieve this goal, data from existing sources, proposed experiments, and proposed observations will be used to set the types of interactions and place realistic limits on the parameters of the model. Additionally, we have identified a system that will be useful as a surveillance system for amplification dynamics of WNV and human health risk. Nesting cliff swallows and house sparrows that opportunistically use cliff swallow colonies are in intimate contact with cimicid swallow bugs early in the spring of each year. We have pilot data to show that both bugs and swallows become infected with WNV. If the bugs maintain viable virus over winter then there is an opportunity to infect avian hosts quickly and efficiently the following spring. This in turn would allow for the rapid establishment of areas of high intensity of infection. Mosquitoes that feed on nestlings and adults are then more likely to become infected relative to the populations away from swallow colonies and riparian areas. Because mosquitoes can travel up to several miles from the site where they acquired the infection, they represent a source of infection to the general avian population and other incidental hosts. Our experiments are designed to test the assertion that swallow bugs are a source of early season infection and the spatial pattern to WNV prevalence in mosquito populations near and at some distance from cliff swallow colonies. Other studies by this group, but not part of this funding proposal, are designed to monitor infection rates of the general avian community away from cliff swallow sites. Finally, because we will be sampling areas inside and outside mosquito control districts we will be able to asses whether existing vector (mosquito) control programs are effective at decreasing the amplification potential and intensity of WNV infection of hosts and vectors. This study will provide both a risk management simulation model and empirical surveillance system.

描述（由申请人提供）：我们将开发一个空间显式的仿真模型，该模型将预测多主机和多向量系统中西尼罗河病毒（WNV）的时间和空间分布。为了实现这一目标，将使用来自现有来源，提出的实验和提出的观察结果的数据来设置交互的类型，并将现实的限制放在模型的参数上。此外，我们已经确定了一个系统，该系统将是一种用于放大WNV和人类健康风险动态的监视系统。筑巢的悬崖燕子和麻雀，机会性地使用悬崖燕子菌落与每年春季初的Cimicid燕子虫保持亲密接触。我们有飞行员数据，以表明虫子和燕子都被WNV感染。如果这些虫子在冬季保持可行的病毒，那么有机会在次年春季迅速有效地感染禽类宿主。反过来，这将允许快速建立高强度的感染区域。然后，以雏鸟和成年人为食的蚊子更有可能相对于种群从燕子殖民地和河岸地区感染。由于蚊子可以距离感染感染的地点几英里，因此它们代表了对一般鸟类人群和其他附带宿主的感染来源。我们的实验旨在测试吞咽虫是早期感染的来源和距离悬崖吞咽菌落的蚊子种群中WNV患病率的空间模式的来源。该小组的其他研究（但不是该资金提案的一部分）旨在监测一般鸟类社区的感染率，从悬崖吞咽场所远离。最后，由于我们将在蚊子控制区内和外部取样区域，我们将能够评估现有的载体（蚊子）控制程序是否有效地降低了宿主和向量的WNV感染的扩增潜力和强度。这项研究将提供风险管理模拟模型和经验监视系统。

项目成果

Cliff swallows, swallow bugs, and West Nile virus: an unlikely transmission mechanism.

崖燕、燕虫和西尼罗河病毒：一种不太可能的传播机制。

• DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2009.0113
• 发表时间: 2010
• 期刊: Vector borne and zoonotic diseases (Larchmont, N.Y.)
• 作者: Oesterle,Paul;Nemeth,Nicole;Young,Ginger;Mooers,Nicole;Elmore,Stacey;Bowen,Richard;Doherty,Paul;Hall,Jeffrey;McLean,Robert;Clark,Larry
• 通讯作者: Clark,Larry

Experimental exposure of swallow bugs (Hemiptera: Cimicidae) to West Nile virus.

燕子（半翅目：臭虫科）接触西尼罗河病毒的实验。

• DOI: 10.1603/me10039
• 发表时间: 2010
• 期刊: Journal of medical entomology
• 影响因子: 2.1
• 作者: Oesterle,Paul;Nemeth,Nicole;Doherty,Paul;McLean,Robert;Clark,Larry
• 通讯作者: Clark,Larry

Experimental infection of cliff swallows (Petrochelidon pyrrhonota) with varying doses of West Nile virus.

用不同剂量的西尼罗河病毒实验性感染悬崖燕子（Petrochelidonpyrrhonota）。

• DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.2009.09-0136
• 发表时间: 2009
• 期刊: The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene
• 作者: Oesterle,PaulT;Nemeth,NicoleM;VanDalen,Kaci;Sullivan,Heather;Bentler,KevinT;Young,GingerR;McLean,RobertG;Clark,Larry;Smeraski,Cynthia;Hall,JeffreyS
• 通讯作者: Hall,JeffreyS