Bioactivity and Vitamins in Flash-heated Breastmilk

快速加热母乳中的生物活性和维生素

• 批准号: 7005783
• 负责人: CAROLINE J CHANTRY
• 金额: $ 25.47万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA AT DAVIS
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2005
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2005-07-01 至 2008-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7005783
• 关键词: Africa; African; HIV infections; antiinfective agents; antiseptic sterilization; breast feeding; clinical research; developmental nutrition; female; health services research tag; heat; human immunodeficiency virus; human milk; human subject; immunoglobulin A; lactoferrin; lysozyme; medically underserved population; nutrient requirement; nutrition related tag; nutritional epidemiology; statistics /biometry; vertical transmission; vitamins; women' s health; Africa; African; HIV infections; antiinfective agents; antiseptic sterilization; breast feeding; clinical research; developmental nutrition; female; health services research tag; heat; human immunodeficiency virus; human milk; human subject; immunoglobulin A; lactoferrin; lysozyme; medically underserved population; nutrient requirement; nutrition related tag; nutritional epidemiology; statistics /biometry; vertical transmission; vitamins; women' s health

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Breastfeeding contributes to maternal to child transmission of HIV, which is responsible for 90% of the 800,000 HIV infections that occur each year among the world's children, the vast majority of which are in sub-Saharan Africa. Current UNICEF/WHO recommendations focus on the challenge of making breastfeeding safer; guidelines include heat treatment of breastmilk as an official infant feeding recommendation for HIV positive mothers in developing countries. This study will evaluate nutritional and bacteriologic safety of home pasteurized breastmilk. This information is necessary to adequately inform mothers of risks and benefits of this feeding alternative. The overall objective of this study is to scientifically evaluate the effect of Flash-heat (a method mothers can perform at home to inactivate HIV) on nutrient, immunologic and anti-infective components of breastmilk. Heated milk must be nutritious enough to support growth and development, retain anti-infective activity in order to prevent infectious morbidities. Specific aims include evaluation of impact of Flash-heat on the following aspects of breastmilk samples from HIV-infected mothers: 1) vitamin content and protein digestibility; 2) key bioactive proteins (immunoglobulin A, lysozyme and lactoferrin); 3) antibacterial activity. Specific aim 3 is to determine dietary needs of African infants of different ages receiving heat-treated milk. 50 breastmilk samples have been previously collected from South African women who are HIVpositive, and Flash-heated. In the available aliquots of heated and unheated milk we will measure and compare: a) concentrations of vitamins A, ascorbic acid, thiamine, riboflavin, pyridoxine, folate and B12, known to be relatively heat-sensitive; b) concentration and digestability of proteins lysozyme and lactoferrin; c) concentration of total and slgA and bioactivity (via binding) of each against specific antigens (measles, S. pneumoniae, influenza); d) bioactivity of isolated anti-infective proteins lactoferrin and lysozyme, via uptake into cells, enzymatic and bactericidal activity; e) antibacterial properties of milk via inhibition of growth of E. coli and S. aureus over time. Information from these analyses will be used in linear programming to predict how the described changes in nutrient content of milk due to heating would affect the overall dietary needs of the child and the associated costs.

描述（由申请人提供）：母乳喂养有助于孕产妇的艾滋病毒传播，这是全球儿童中每年发生的800,000名艾滋病毒感染中的90％，其中绝大多数在撒哈拉以南非洲。联合国儿童基金会/世界卫生组织的建议集中于使母乳喂养更安全的挑战；指南包括对母乳的热处理作为对发展中国家的艾滋病毒阳性母亲的官方婴儿喂养建议。这项研究将评估家庭巴氏杀菌母乳的营养和细菌学安全。这些信息是必要的，以充分告知母亲这种喂养替代方案的风险和好处。这项研究的总体目的是科学评估闪光热（母亲可以在家中以抗活艾滋病毒而执行的方法）对母乳的营养，免疫和抗感染成分的影响。加热牛奶必须足够营养以支持生长和发育，保留抗感染活性，以防止感染性病。具体目的包括评估闪光灯对艾滋病毒感染母亲的母乳样本以下方面的影响：1）维生素含量和蛋白质消化率； 2）关键生物活性蛋白（免疫球蛋白A，溶菌酶和乳铁蛋白）； 3）抗菌活性。具体目的3是确定接受热处理牛奶的不同年龄的非洲婴儿的饮食需求。以前已经从Hivpostitive且闪烁的南非妇女那里收集了50个母乳样本。在加热和未加热的牛奶的可用等分试样中，我们将测量和比较：a）维生素A，抗坏血酸，硫胺素，核黄素，吡啶还醇，叶酸和B12的浓度，已知是相对敏感的； b）蛋白质溶菌酶和乳铁蛋白的浓度和浓度； c）每种浓度（通过结合）与特定抗原（麻疹，肺炎，流感）的浓度（通过结合）； d）分离的抗感染蛋白乳铁蛋白和溶菌酶的生物活性，通过摄取细胞，酶促和杀菌活性； E）随着时间的推移，牛奶的抗菌特性通过抑制大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的生长。这些分析中的信息将用于线性编程中，以预测牛奶中所描述的牛奶含量变化如何影响儿童的整体饮食需求和相关成本。