Lexical Processing in Word Production

文字生成中的词汇处理

• 批准号: 7115509
• 负责人: MICHELE MIOZZO
• 金额: $ 32.6万
• 依托单位: JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2004
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2004-08-05 至 2009-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7115509
• 关键词: aphasia; behavioral /social science research tag; brain injury; clinical research; cognition disorders; dementia; human subject; magnetic resonance imaging; memory; neural information processing; neuroanatomy; neuropsychological tests; phonology; psycholinguistics; semantics; speech; stroke

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant) To say a word correctly, a speaker must retrieve information about the syntactic features (e.g. number of nouns, tense for verbs) and the sound of that particular word from the mental lexicon. We will investigate how the lexicon is organized and represented in the brain. We will approach these issues from the perspective of language production by examining the acquired deficits of word production observed in stroke patients with focal left temporo-parietal lesions and in patients with semantic dementia. Our project will address four questions about lexical processing that are currently under debate in neuroscience: (a) Are there brain structures specific for lexical processing or are the brain structures supporting lexical processing part of a larger circuitry implicated in memory for facts and events (i.e., declaritive memory)? To answer this question we will examine whether word production deficits due to focal left temporo-parietal lesions also show declaritive memory deficits, and whether patients with semantic impairments also have problems in retrieving lexical information. Evidence that these deficits co-occur would suggest that there is a shared circuitry for declaritive memory and lexical processing. (b) How are words processed in the lexicon? Are words like dogs and asked obtained by means of combinatorial processes that assemble the various components of the words (dog+s, ask+ed)? Are there different brain mechanisms for words that do not seem to conform to rules of word formation, such as mice and ate? To address these issues we will examine the selective deficits for producing regular words (dogs, asks) or irregular words (mice, ate) that can be found in brain damaged patients and that have been documented in our preliminary studies. (c) The retrieval of lexical information is likely to involve different stages of processing. What is the nature of theses stages? We will investigate whether different levels of processing are implicated in the retrieval of syntactic and phonological features in word production. (d) What are the neuroanatomical underpinnings of lexical processing? To characterize the brain areas underlying lexical processing, we will carry out an MRI examination of the brain damage responsible for selective word production deficits in stroke patients. In addition to their theoretical relevance for neurocognitive models of lexical processing, our data will be of clinical significance. The results of our studies will provide a more comprehensive picture of word production deficits and memory impairments associated with aphasia and semantic dementia.

描述（由申请人提供）要正确说一个单词，说话者必须检索有关句法特征（例如名词的数量，动词时态）和精神词典中该特定单词的声音的信息。我们将研究词典在大脑中的组织和代表。我们将从语言产生的角度研究这些问题，以检查中风患者在患有局灶性左下颞叶 - 颞顶病变和语义性痴呆患者中观察到的单词产生的缺陷。我们的项目将解决有关神经科学目前正在争论的四个有关词汇处理的问题：（a）是否存在针对词汇处理的大脑结构，或者大脑结构支持在记忆中涉及事实和事件的较大电路的词汇处理部分（即声明性记忆）？为了回答这个问题，我们将检查由于局灶性左颞叶 - 临时病变引起的单词生产缺陷是否也显示出声明性记忆缺陷，以及语义障碍患者是否在检索词汇信息方面是否也有问题。这些赤字共发生的证据表明，有共同的电路用于声明性记忆和词汇处理。 （b）在词典中如何处理单词？是像狗一样的单词，并通过组合过程的组合过程（狗+s，ask+ed）获得了询问？是否有不同的单词机制似乎不符合单词形成规则，例如小鼠和吃饭？为了解决这些问题，我们将研究产生常规单词（狗，问）或不规则单词（小鼠，吃）的选择性赤字，这些缺陷可以在脑部受损的患者中发现，并且在我们的初步研究中已记录。 （c）检索词汇信息可能涉及不同的处理阶段。这些阶段的本质是什么？我们将研究是否与单词生产中的句法和语音特征的检索有关。 （d）词汇处理的神经解剖学基础是什么？为了表征词汇加工的大脑区域，我们将对导致中风患者选择性单词生产缺陷的脑损伤进行MRI检查。除了它们与词汇处理的神经认知模型的理论相关性外，我们的数据还具有临床意义。我们的研究结果将为单词生产缺陷和与失语和语义痴呆有关的单词生产缺陷和记忆障碍提供更全面的了解。