Lexical Processing in Word Production

文字生成中的词汇处理

• 批准号: 7115509
• 负责人: MICHELE MIOZZO
• 金额: $ 32.6万
• 依托单位: JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2004
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2004-08-05 至 2009-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7115509
• 关键词: aphasia; behavioral /social science research tag; brain injury; clinical research; cognition disorders; dementia; human subject; magnetic resonance imaging; memory; neural information processing; neuroanatomy; neuropsychological tests; phonology; psycholinguistics; semantics; speech; stroke

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant) To say a word correctly, a speaker must retrieve information about the syntactic features (e.g. number of nouns, tense for verbs) and the sound of that particular word from the mental lexicon. We will investigate how the lexicon is organized and represented in the brain. We will approach these issues from the perspective of language production by examining the acquired deficits of word production observed in stroke patients with focal left temporo-parietal lesions and in patients with semantic dementia. Our project will address four questions about lexical processing that are currently under debate in neuroscience: (a) Are there brain structures specific for lexical processing or are the brain structures supporting lexical processing part of a larger circuitry implicated in memory for facts and events (i.e., declaritive memory)? To answer this question we will examine whether word production deficits due to focal left temporo-parietal lesions also show declaritive memory deficits, and whether patients with semantic impairments also have problems in retrieving lexical information. Evidence that these deficits co-occur would suggest that there is a shared circuitry for declaritive memory and lexical processing. (b) How are words processed in the lexicon? Are words like dogs and asked obtained by means of combinatorial processes that assemble the various components of the words (dog+s, ask+ed)? Are there different brain mechanisms for words that do not seem to conform to rules of word formation, such as mice and ate? To address these issues we will examine the selective deficits for producing regular words (dogs, asks) or irregular words (mice, ate) that can be found in brain damaged patients and that have been documented in our preliminary studies. (c) The retrieval of lexical information is likely to involve different stages of processing. What is the nature of theses stages? We will investigate whether different levels of processing are implicated in the retrieval of syntactic and phonological features in word production. (d) What are the neuroanatomical underpinnings of lexical processing? To characterize the brain areas underlying lexical processing, we will carry out an MRI examination of the brain damage responsible for selective word production deficits in stroke patients. In addition to their theoretical relevance for neurocognitive models of lexical processing, our data will be of clinical significance. The results of our studies will provide a more comprehensive picture of word production deficits and memory impairments associated with aphasia and semantic dementia.

描述（由申请人提供）为了正确说出一个单词，说话者必须从心理词典中检索有关句法特征（例如名词数量、动词时态）和该特定单词的声音的信息。我们将研究词汇在大脑中是如何组织和表示的。我们将从语言产生的角度来解决这些问题，通过检查在患有局灶性左颞顶叶病变的中风患者和患有语义性痴呆的患者中观察到的获得性词语产生缺陷。我们的项目将解决目前神经科学中正在争论的关于词汇处理的四个问题：（a）是否存在专门用于词汇处理的大脑结构，或者支持词汇处理的大脑结构是否是与事实和事件的记忆有关的更大电路的一部分（即， ，陈述性记忆）？为了回答这个问题，我们将检查由于局灶性左颞顶叶病变导致的词语产生缺陷是否也表现出陈述性记忆缺陷，以及语义障碍患者是否也存在检索词汇信息的问题。这些缺陷同时发生的证据表明，陈述性记忆和词汇处理存在共享电路。 (b) 词典中的单词是如何处理的？像“dogs”和“ask”这样的词是通过组合词的各个组成部分（dog+s、ask+ed）的组合过程获得的吗？对于那些似乎不符合构词规则的单词，例如“老鼠”和“吃”，是否存在不同的大脑机制？为了解决这些问题，我们将检查产生规则单词（狗，问）或不规则单词（老鼠，吃）的选择性缺陷，这些缺陷可以在脑损伤患者中发现，并且已在我们的初步研究中记录下来。 (c) 词汇信息的检索可能涉及不同的处理阶段。这些阶段的本质是什么？我们将研究不同级别的处理是否与单词生成中句法和语音特征的检索有关。 (d) 词汇处理的神经解剖学基础是什么？为了表征词汇处理的大脑区域，我们将对中风患者导致选择性词语产生缺陷的脑损伤进行核磁共振检查。除了与词汇处理的神经认知模型的理论相关性之外，我们的数据还将具有临床意义。我们的研究结果将更全面地描述与失语症和语义痴呆相关的词语产生缺陷和记忆障碍。