CRCNS-Multiple olfactory gamma oscillations: roles in sensation and attention

CRCNS-多重嗅觉伽马振荡：在感觉和注意力中的作用

• 批准号: 7047317
• 负责人: Leslie M Kay
• 金额: $ 31.34万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2005
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2005-08-01 至 2009-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7047317
• 关键词: attention; behavior test; behavioral /social science research tag; biological models; biophysics; cell population study; cognition disorders; dopamine agonists; dopamine antagonists; electrophysiology; laboratory rat; lateral olfactory area; learning; model design /development; neural information processing; neurons; neuropharmacology; neuropsychology; odors; olfactions; olfactory disorder; olfactory lobe; sensory discrimination

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The mammalian olfactory system is unique among sensory systems in its dense interconnectivity with the limbic system, which has been shown to be involved in processes such as memory, emotion and spatial and other types of cognitive processes. It is therefore important to understand the olfactory system's role in attentional processes as they relate to the changing demands of an individual's environment. These processes are significantly impacted in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases and in schizophrenia and depression (among others), all of which are accompanied by mild to severe olfactory deficits. Recent studies in our laboratories and in others have implicated oscillatory synchrony in attention and sensory processing. We therefore propose multi-disciplinary research aimed at describing the functional role of oscillatory neural synchrony in perception, attention and learning of sensory information in mammalian cortex. The olfactory system is used to study the sensory cortical circuit, the olfactory bulb (OB) and piriform cortex (PC). We emphasize the bidirectional connectivity of these two structures, which few studies have done. Oscillations occur at the level of neural populations, and activity will be studied at this and the single neuron levels in rats performing olfactory discrimination and attention tasks. We use waking animals because many types of oscillatory activity are seen only in alert and attentive states, and these unique oscillations provide a tool by which to investigate the biophysical basis, behavioral dependence and interactions of these oscillations. An advantage of using the olfactory system lies in the breadth of physiological, anatomical and modeling efforts that have addressed this system at many levels of analysis, from single neuron biophysics to neural populations. These studies aim to 1) describe the sources of several types of oscillatory activity associated with sensory processing and attention in waking rats; 2) describe how these types of oscillations change with learning and context; and 3) manipulate inhibitory action in the underlying circuits pharmacologically, relating these manipulations to changes in olfactory discrimination. Each portion of the physiological studies are closely coupled with computational modeling, acting in both a descriptive and predictive fashion. Detailed analysis of this system in waking animals will provide a foundation from which to understand the complex system effects in cognitive disorders. We anticipate that understanding how olfactory deficits arise from changes in the limbic system associated with many of these disorders, will help us to understand the mechanisms that produce cognitive malfunctioning.

描述（由申请人提供）：哺乳动物的嗅觉系统在感觉系统中是独一无二的，因为它与边缘系统有紧密的互连性，边缘系统已被证明参与记忆、情感和空间等过程以及其他类型的认知过程。因此，了解嗅觉系统在注意力过程中的作用非常重要，因为它们与个人环境不断变化的需求有关。这些过程在阿尔茨海默病、帕金森病、精神分裂症和抑郁症（以及其他疾病）中受到显着影响，所有这些疾病都伴有轻度到重度的嗅觉缺陷。我们实验室和其他实验室的最新研究表明，注意力和感觉处理中存在振荡同步。因此，我们提出多学科研究，旨在描述振荡神经同步在哺乳动物皮层感知、注意力和感觉信息学习中的功能作用。嗅觉系统用于研究感觉皮层回路、嗅球（OB）和梨状皮层（PC）。我们强调这两种结构的双向连通性，但很少有研究这样做。 振荡发生在神经群体水平，并且将研究执行嗅觉辨别和注意力任务的大鼠的神经群体水平和单个神经元水平的活动。我们使用清醒的动物，因为许多类型的振荡活动仅在警觉和注意力状态下可见，并且这些独特的振荡提供了研究这些振荡的生物物理基础、行为依赖性和相互作用的工具。使用嗅觉系统的优势在于生理学、解剖学和建模工作的广度，这些工作在从单个神经元生物物理学到神经群体的多个分析层面上解决了该系统的问题。 这些研究的目的是：1）描述与清醒大鼠的感觉处理和注意力相关的几种振荡活动的来源； 2）描述这些类型的振荡如何随着学习和环境而变化； 3）从药理学角度操纵基础回路中的抑制作用，将这些操纵与嗅觉辨别力的变化联系起来。生理研究的每个部分都与计算模型紧密结合，以描述性和预测性的方式发挥作用。 对清醒动物的这一系统进行详细分析将为理解认知障碍中复杂系统的影响奠定基础。我们预计，了解与许多此类疾病相关的边缘系统变化如何引起嗅觉缺陷，将有助于我们了解产生认知功能障碍的机制。