CRCNS-Multiple olfactory gamma oscillations: roles in sensation and attention

CRCNS-多重嗅觉伽马振荡：在感觉和注意力中的作用

• 批准号: 7047317
• 负责人: Leslie M Kay
• 金额: $ 31.34万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2005
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2005-08-01 至 2009-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7047317
• 关键词: attention; behavior test; behavioral /social science research tag; biological models; biophysics; cell population study; cognition disorders; dopamine agonists; dopamine antagonists; electrophysiology; laboratory rat; lateral olfactory area; learning; model design /development; neural information processing; neurons; neuropharmacology; neuropsychology; odors; olfactions; olfactory disorder; olfactory lobe; sensory discrimination

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The mammalian olfactory system is unique among sensory systems in its dense interconnectivity with the limbic system, which has been shown to be involved in processes such as memory, emotion and spatial and other types of cognitive processes. It is therefore important to understand the olfactory system's role in attentional processes as they relate to the changing demands of an individual's environment. These processes are significantly impacted in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases and in schizophrenia and depression (among others), all of which are accompanied by mild to severe olfactory deficits. Recent studies in our laboratories and in others have implicated oscillatory synchrony in attention and sensory processing. We therefore propose multi-disciplinary research aimed at describing the functional role of oscillatory neural synchrony in perception, attention and learning of sensory information in mammalian cortex. The olfactory system is used to study the sensory cortical circuit, the olfactory bulb (OB) and piriform cortex (PC). We emphasize the bidirectional connectivity of these two structures, which few studies have done. Oscillations occur at the level of neural populations, and activity will be studied at this and the single neuron levels in rats performing olfactory discrimination and attention tasks. We use waking animals because many types of oscillatory activity are seen only in alert and attentive states, and these unique oscillations provide a tool by which to investigate the biophysical basis, behavioral dependence and interactions of these oscillations. An advantage of using the olfactory system lies in the breadth of physiological, anatomical and modeling efforts that have addressed this system at many levels of analysis, from single neuron biophysics to neural populations. These studies aim to 1) describe the sources of several types of oscillatory activity associated with sensory processing and attention in waking rats; 2) describe how these types of oscillations change with learning and context; and 3) manipulate inhibitory action in the underlying circuits pharmacologically, relating these manipulations to changes in olfactory discrimination. Each portion of the physiological studies are closely coupled with computational modeling, acting in both a descriptive and predictive fashion. Detailed analysis of this system in waking animals will provide a foundation from which to understand the complex system effects in cognitive disorders. We anticipate that understanding how olfactory deficits arise from changes in the limbic system associated with many of these disorders, will help us to understand the mechanisms that produce cognitive malfunctioning.

描述（由申请人提供）：哺乳动物的嗅觉系统在感官系统之间在其与边缘系统密集的互连性中是独一无二的，该系统已被证明参与了记忆，情感和空间和其他类型的认知过程等过程。因此，重要的是要了解嗅觉系统在注意力过程中与个人环境不断变化的需求有关的角色。这些过程在阿尔茨海默氏症和帕金森氏病以及精神分裂症和抑郁症（等）中受到了显着影响，所有这些过程都伴有轻度至重度嗅觉缺陷。在我们的实验室和其他方面的最新研究暗示了振荡性同步在注意力和感觉处理中。因此，我们提出了旨在描述振荡性神经同步在感知，注意力和学习哺乳动物皮质中感觉信息的功能作用的多学科研究。嗅觉系统用于研究感觉皮质回路，嗅球（OB）和梨状皮层（PC）。我们强调了这两种结构的双向连通性，很少有研究所做的。 振荡发生在神经种群的水平上，活动将在这种嗅觉歧视和注意力任务的大鼠中进行研究。我们使用醒来的动物，因为只有在警报和细心状态下才能看到许多类型的振荡活动，而​​这些独特的振荡为研究了这些振荡的生物物理基础，行为依赖性和相互作用提供了一种工具。使用嗅觉系统的一个优点在于生理，解剖学和建模工作的广度，这些工作已经在许多级别的分析中解决了该系统，从单个神经元生物物理学到神经种群。 这些研究的目的是1）描述与唤醒大鼠的感觉处理和注意力相关的几种类型的振荡活动的来源； 2）描述这些类型的振荡如何随着学习和背景而变化； 3）在药理学上操纵抑制作用，将这些操纵与嗅觉歧视的变化联系起来。生理研究的每个部分都与计算建模密切相结合，既以描述性和预测性的方式起作用。 对醒来动物中该系统的详细分析将为了解认知障碍中复杂的系统影响提供基础。我们预计，了解与许多这些疾病相关的边缘系统的变化会导致嗅觉缺陷，这将有助于我们了解产生认知功能失功能的机制。