COMPARATIVE STUDIES OF NUMERICAL COGNITION IN CHILDREN AND NON HUMAN PRIMATES

儿童和非人类灵长类动物数字认知的比较研究

• 批准号: 6816031
• 负责人: Michael J Beran
• 金额: $ 0.85万
• 依托单位: GEORGIA STATE UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2004
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2004-09-01 至 2009-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6816031
• 关键词: Macaca mulatta; Pan; behavior test; behavioral /social science research tag; clinical research; cognition; human subject; learning; mathematical ability; neural information processing; performance; preschool child (1-5); species difference; verbal behavior; visual perception

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): We propose that nonhuman primates and human children rely on the same basic cognitive processes for responding to the numerical properties of stimulus sets. Children aged 3? to 5 years, chimpanzees, monkeys, and human adults are hypothesized to represent numerosity approximately rather than exactly. We will determine whether children and non-human primates reliably select the largest of multiple sets of items when those items are presented one-by-one into opaque containers with trial durations ranging from 10 minutes to 8 hours. We will determine whether numerical or non-numerical concurrent cognitive tasks performed during these extended-duration trials interfere with performance in these numerousness judgments. We predict that, but will test whether, children and nonhuman primates will respond on these tasks to numerosity rather than dimensions such as amount or surface area. We will determine whether adult humans who are prevented from using formal counting procedures show performance levels comparable to those for children and nonhuman primates when estimating set sizes. We predict that they will. We will determine whether chimpanzees and rhesus monkeys can enumerate a given number of responses when presented with a symbol for numerosity and whether this process of enumeration shows similar attributes to that for making numerousness judgments. We predict that these species will enumerate sets through use of an estimation process similar to that used for making numerousness judgments. The data from these studies will be informative in understanding the role of numerical estimation in these groups as well as the potential mechanisms underlying such estimation: The comparative analyses will illustrate whether numerical representation reflects cognitive continuity across these species. The data from studies with children will provide insight into difficulties children may experience with formal arithmetic instruction

描述（由申请人提供）：我们建议非人类灵长类动物和人类儿童 依靠相同的基本认知过程来响应刺激集的数值特性。 3岁的孩子？直到5年，假设黑猩猩，猴子和人类成年人大约代表数字而不是准确地表示数字。我们将确定儿童和非人类灵长类动物是否可靠地选择了这些项目中最大的多组项目中最大的项目，并将其逐一呈现为不透明的容器，试验时间为10分钟至8小时。我们将确定在这些扩展持续试验中执行的数值或非数字并发认知任务是否干扰了这些众多性判断的性能。我们预测这一点，但会测试儿童和非人类灵长类动物是否会在这些任务上响应数字而不是数量或表面积等维度。我们将确定在估计集合大小时，是否可以阻止使用正式计数程序的成年人显示与儿童和非人类灵长类动物相当的表现水平。我们预测他们会。我们将确定黑猩猩和恒河猴是否可以列举给定数量的数字符号，以及这种枚举过程是否显示出与做出许多判断的类似属性。我们预测，这些物种将通过使用类似于用于做出许多判断的估计过程来列举集合。这些研究的数据将在理解这些群体中数值估计的作用以及这种估计基础的潜在机制方面具有丰富的信息：比较分析将说明数值表示是否反映了这些物种之间的认知连续性。与孩子一起研究的数据将洞悉儿童可能会遇到正式算术教学的困难