Development Of A New Psychometric Instrument For Assessi

新型心理测量评估仪器的开发

• 批准号: 6827254
• 负责人: Stephen J. Heishman
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: NATIONAL INSTITUTE ON DRUG ABUSE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 至
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6827254
• 关键词: Cannabis; alcoholism /alcohol abuse; alcohols; behavioral /social science research tag; clinical research; cocaine; craving; diagnosis design /evaluation; drug addiction; heroin; human subject; interview; marijuana abuse; mental disorder diagnosis; nicotine; psychometrics; psychopharmacologic agent; questionnaires; smoking; tobacco abuse

Among the most ubiquitous effects of addictive drugs, but the least well studied, is drug craving. There has not even existed a validated psychometric instrument for the evaluation of craving that would lend itself to the systematic development of medications for treating drug craving. We have recently developed such instrumentation for cocaine, heroin, alcohol, marijuana, and tobacco. This research should help us to identify mechanisms of addiction that are common across drug classes and therefore lead to a better understanding of the mechanisms that underlie drug craving. Our initial findings indicated that craving for cocaine and heroin is a multidimensional construct, involving an admixture of urges and desire, intent to use, loss of control over use, and anticipation of positive outcome. Subject testing has been completed with the Alcohol Craving Questionnaire, Marijuana Craving Questionnaire, and Tobacco Craving Questionnaire. Recently, we have been manipulating tobacco and marijuana craving in the laboratory. Using narrative scripts that either contain explicit descriptors of tobacco or marijuana craving or scripts that contain no craving descriptors, we have shown that tobacco and marijuana craving can be manipulated in a drug-abusing population and that craving can vary along a continuum. Craving is also associated with negative mood states. We also found that craving for tobacco was positively correlated with craving for other drugs of abuse, suggesting that situations that trigger tobacco craving can also elicit drug craving. We have recently completed a study investigating the effect of tobacco craving on memory encoding and retrieval. Results indicated that encoding was more disrupted by imagery scripts than retrieval of information, but there was no differential effect of craving vs. neutral scripts. These advances in instrument development and enhanced understanding of craving should enable more rapid progress in the ability to produce more selective and effective medications and other interventions to meet the needs of those addicted to drugs. With these instruments we should be able to predict which craving dimensions may be relieved by medications and which will require other intervention to enable the person to achieve and sustain drug abstinence.

令人上瘾的药物的最普遍的作用，但研究最少的是渴望。甚至还没有一种经过验证的心理测量工具来评估渴望，这将使自己有系统地开发用于治疗药物渴望的药物。我们最近为可卡因，海洛因，酒精，大麻和烟草开发了这种仪器。这项研究应有助于我们确定在药物类别中常见的成瘾机制，因此可以更好地理解对药物渴望的机制。我们的最初发现表明，渴望可卡因和海洛因是一种多维结构，涉及冲动和欲望的混合，意图使用，失去对使用的控制以及对积极结果的预期。渴望饮酒问卷，大麻渴望问卷和烟草渴望问卷已经完成了主题测试。最近，我们一直在操纵实验室的烟草和大麻渴望。使用叙事脚本，其中包含烟草或大麻渴望的显式描述，或者不包含渴望描述符的脚本，我们已经表明，在滥用药物的人群中可以操纵烟草和大麻的渴望，而渴望在连续的人群中可能会有所不同。渴望也与负面情绪状态有关。我们还发现，渴望烟草的渴望与渴望其他滥用药物的渴望呈正相关，这表明引发烟草渴望的情况也会引起渴望。我们最近完成了一项研究，研究了烟草渴望对记忆编码和检索的影响。结果表明，与信息的检索相比，图像脚本的编码更加干扰，但是渴望与中性脚本没有差异的效果。这些在仪器开发方面的进步和增强对渴望的理解应该使得能够产生更具选择性和有效的药物以及其他干预措施的能力，以满足对药物上瘾的人的需求。使用这些工具，我们应该能够预测药物可以缓解哪些渴望维度，哪些需要其他干预措施才能使人能够实现和维持戒毒。