Long-term environmental influences on the ecology and conservation of river birds

环境对河鸟生态和保护的长期影响

• 批准号: 2437308
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: CARDIFF UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Studentship
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2020 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=studentship-2437308
• 关键词: Long; term; environmental; influences; ecology; Long; term; environmental; influences; ecology

Covering less than 1% of Earth's surface, freshwater ecosystems host around 10% of the Earth's species and a third of all vertebrates. This includes almost 2000 bird species - roughly 20% of the global total - that depend on inland waters or their margins for all or part of their life cycle. Simultaneously, however, many of these species are exposed to multiple, global environmental stressors on freshwaters that are now responsible for rates of extinction and impairment faster than in any other ecosystem. There is a need to understand the processes, assess the consequences for ecosystems and ecosystem-services, and for management strategies to halt or reverse adverse effects. In the UK, Dippers Cinclus cinclus and Grey Wagtails Motacilla cinerea are associated closely with streams and rivers, but now have respectively 'amber' and 'red' conservation status following population decline since the 1970s. Research over 35 years has shown that 1) these species are connected integrally to the quality/quantity of invertebrate production in freshwaters (Ormerod & Tyler 1991) 2) their distribution, abundance and life histories are affected by freshwater ecosystem stressors such as pollution, persistent contaminants, plastics, climatic variation and physical habitat character (Vaughan et al. 2007; Windsor et. 2019). As a result, these species are recognised globally as indicators of the quality of rivers and their surrounding catchments. This project will use this detailed knowledge to assess factors responsible for variations in the distribution, abundance and demography of Dippers and Grey Wagtails areas of their upland range - specifically Mid/South Wales Focusing mostly on rural rivers, we will pay attention to growing concerns about the influence of intensifying agriculture on the ecology of rivers and river birds to ask: How do the distribution, abundance and demography of river birds relate to land use in space/time, and through what freshwater ecological processes? Specifically:i) How does land use affect the breeding performance, demography and fitness of river birds?ii) How does land use alter freshwater prey availability and prey use for river birds?iii) How do land use effects on water quality and physical habitat affect river birds?iv) How does land use affect pollutant exposure in river birds?v) Is there any evidence that mitigation strategies in catchments or riparian zone can offset any adverse effects revealed by i) to iv)?

覆盖不到地球表面的1％，淡水生态系统拥有约10％的地球物种和所有脊椎动物的三分之一。这包括近2000种鸟类（约占全球总数的20％），这些物种取决于内陆水域或其生命周期的全部或部分鸟类。但是，同时，这些物种中的许多物种都面临着淡水的多个全球环境压力源，这些淡水现在负责灭绝和损害的速度比任何其他生态系统都更快。有必要了解过程，评估对生态系统和生态系统服务的后果，以及制止或反向不良影响的管理策略。在英国，北斗星Cinclus Cinclus和Gray Wagtails Motacilla Cinerea与溪流和河流密切相关，但现在分别具有自1970年代以来人口下降后的“琥珀”和“红色”保护状况。 35年以来的研究表明，1）这些物种与淡水中无脊椎动物产量的质量/数量的质量/数量相关（Ormerod＆Tyler 1991）2）2）它们的分布，丰度和生活史受到淡水生态系统压力因素的影响，受到污染，持久污染物，污染物，塑料，塑料，造型的特征和2019年的特征（vaughan and and and and and and and and and and and and vaughan and and vaughan and and vaughan and and vaughan and and and vaughan and and。结果，这些物种在全球范围内被认为是河流质量及其周围集水区的指标。该项目将利用这些详细知识来评估负责对北极地区范围的陶器和灰色手推车区域的分布，丰度和人口统计学变化的因素，尤其是中南威尔士主要集中在农村河流上，我们将关注越来越多的担忧，对越来越多的鸟类的生态和分配的群体来征求河流的生态和demective的影响：通过哪些淡水生态过程？具体：i）i）土地利用如何影响河鸟的繁殖表现，人口统计学和适应性？ iv）？