Inhibition Deficits in Adult ADHD

成人多动症的抑制缺陷

• 批准号: 6670698
• 负责人: RAFAEL KLORMAN KLORMAN
• 金额: $ 12.09万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF ROCHESTER
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2003
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2003-08-07 至 2005-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6670698
• 关键词: adult human (21+); attention; attention deficit disorder; behavior test; behavioral /social science research tag; brain electrical activity; clinical research; evoked potentials; eye movements; human subject; impulsive behavior; neuroanatomy; neuropsychology; performance; psychomotor function

DESCRIPTION (provided by investigator): We propose an initial study to evaluate inhibitory deficits in ADHD adults. We focus on inhibition because it is fundamental to executive functions, which are hypothesized to be deficient in ADHD. Extensive empirical evidence points to deficits of motor output in ADHD children and initial evidence of similar deficits in ADHD adults. Exploration of inhibition deficits in ADHD adults would aid in determining the extent of continuity between the pediatric and adult forms of the disorder. We propose to test 40 well characterized ADHD adults and 40 matched normal controls in tasks measuring three aspects of inhibition (interference control, intentional motor inhibition, and eye movement control) with well delineated cognitive and neurological bases. In addition, we will test subjects in a long vigil involving a Go/No-go version of a Continuous Performance Test in order to assess whether ADHD adults display deficits of sustained attention in intentional motor inhibition. We will collect measures of accuracy and speed in these tasks, supplemented by (a) Lateralized Readiness Potentials (brain event-related potentials [ERPs] reflecting differential preparedness of the motor cortex to make a response with a predesignated vs. the unprepared hand and the timing of initiation of these responses); (b) Inhibition error-related ERPs triggered by the detection of errors and linked to cingulate cortex and supplemental motor areas; and (c) Oculomotor inhibition in delayed and antisaccade tasks, which are controlled by the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and the frontal eye fields, and an oculomotor Go/No-go task. Several of the brain structures involved in these tasks are intimately involved in executive functions central to ADHD neurocognitive deficits. The proposed research promises to advance current theoretical understanding of executive dysfunction in ADHD. The research would prepare the groundwork for a more extensive future study that would evaluate the effects of pharmacological interventions on inhibition deficits of ADHD adults.

描述（由研究者提供）：我们提出了一项初步研究来评估 ADHD 成人的抑制缺陷。我们关注抑制，因为它是执行功能的基础，而执行功能被假设为多动症患者的缺陷。大量经验证据表明多动症儿童存在运动输出缺陷，初步证据表明多动症成人也存在类似缺陷。探索 ADHD 成人的抑制缺陷将有助于确定该疾病的儿童和成人形式之间的连续性程度。我们建议在测量抑制的三个方面（干扰控制、有意运动抑制和眼球运动控制）的任务中测试 40 名特征明确的 ADHD 成年人和 40 名匹配的正常对照，并具有明确的认知和神经学基础。此外，我们还将对受试者进行长时间守夜测试，包括进行/不进行连续表现测试，以评估 ADHD 成年人在有意运动抑制方面是否表现出持续注意力缺陷。我们将收集这些任务中的准确性和速度的测量结果，并辅以 (a) 侧化准备电位（大脑事件相关电位 [ERP]，反映运动皮层对用预先指定的手与未准备好的手做出反应的准备程度的差异以及启动这些响应的时间）； (b) 由错误检测触发并与扣带皮层和辅助运动区相关的抑制错误相关 ERP； （c）延迟和反眼跳任务中的动眼神经抑制，由背外侧前额叶皮层和额叶眼区控制，以及动眼神经Go/No-go任务。参与这些任务的几个大脑结构与 ADHD 神经认知缺陷的核心执行功能密切相关。拟议的研究有望推进当前对多动症执行功能障碍的理论理解。该研究将为未来更广泛的研究奠定基础，该研究将评估药物干预对 ADHD 成人抑制缺陷的影响。