Inhibition Deficits in Adult ADHD

成人多动症的抑制缺陷

• 批准号: 6670698
• 负责人: RAFAEL KLORMAN KLORMAN
• 金额: $ 12.09万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF ROCHESTER
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2003
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2003-08-07 至 2005-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6670698
• 关键词: adult human (21+); attention; attention deficit disorder; behavior test; behavioral /social science research tag; brain electrical activity; clinical research; evoked potentials; eye movements; human subject; impulsive behavior; neuroanatomy; neuropsychology; performance; psychomotor function

DESCRIPTION (provided by investigator): We propose an initial study to evaluate inhibitory deficits in ADHD adults. We focus on inhibition because it is fundamental to executive functions, which are hypothesized to be deficient in ADHD. Extensive empirical evidence points to deficits of motor output in ADHD children and initial evidence of similar deficits in ADHD adults. Exploration of inhibition deficits in ADHD adults would aid in determining the extent of continuity between the pediatric and adult forms of the disorder. We propose to test 40 well characterized ADHD adults and 40 matched normal controls in tasks measuring three aspects of inhibition (interference control, intentional motor inhibition, and eye movement control) with well delineated cognitive and neurological bases. In addition, we will test subjects in a long vigil involving a Go/No-go version of a Continuous Performance Test in order to assess whether ADHD adults display deficits of sustained attention in intentional motor inhibition. We will collect measures of accuracy and speed in these tasks, supplemented by (a) Lateralized Readiness Potentials (brain event-related potentials [ERPs] reflecting differential preparedness of the motor cortex to make a response with a predesignated vs. the unprepared hand and the timing of initiation of these responses); (b) Inhibition error-related ERPs triggered by the detection of errors and linked to cingulate cortex and supplemental motor areas; and (c) Oculomotor inhibition in delayed and antisaccade tasks, which are controlled by the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and the frontal eye fields, and an oculomotor Go/No-go task. Several of the brain structures involved in these tasks are intimately involved in executive functions central to ADHD neurocognitive deficits. The proposed research promises to advance current theoretical understanding of executive dysfunction in ADHD. The research would prepare the groundwork for a more extensive future study that would evaluate the effects of pharmacological interventions on inhibition deficits of ADHD adults.

描述（由研究人员提供）：我们提出了一项初步研究，以评估ADHD成年人的抑制性缺陷。我们专注于抑制作用，因为它对行政职能至关重要，这被认为是ADHD缺乏的。广泛的经验证据表明，多动症儿童的运动输出缺陷以及ADHD成年人类似缺陷的初始证据。探索ADHD成年人的抑制缺陷将有助于确定小儿和成人形式之间的连续性程度。我们建议在测量抑制的三个方面（干扰控制，故意运动抑制和眼动控制）的任务中测试40个表征良好的ADHD成年人和40个匹配的正常对照，并具有良好的认知和神经系统基础。此外，我们还将在涉及连续性能测试的GO/NO-GO版本的长时间守夜中测试受试者，以评估ADHD成年人是否在故意运动抑制中表现出持续关注的不足。我们将在这些任务中收集准确性和速度的度量，并补充（a）侧向准备就绪电位（大脑事件相关的电位[ERP]反映了运动皮层的差异准备，以用未准备好的手和这些反应的启动时间来做出响应，以做出这些反应的响应）； （b）抑制误差相关的ERP，该ERP是由检测到误差而触发的，并与扣带回皮层和补充运动区域相关； （c）在延迟和反扫视任务中抑制动眼抑制，这些任务由背外侧前额叶皮层和额叶眼场控制，以及一个动眼运动/无需任务。这些任务中涉及的一些大脑结构与ADHD神经认知缺陷中心的执行功能密切相关。拟议的研究有望提高对ADHD执行功能障碍的当前理论理解。该研究将为更广泛的未来研究做好基础，以评估药理学干预措施对ADHD成年人抑制缺陷的影响。