A telencephalic pattern generator for song

歌曲的端脑模式生成器

• 批准号: 6772813
• 负责人: DAVID J PERKEL
• 金额: $ 14.76万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2004
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2004-08-01 至 2006-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6772813
• 关键词: brain; brain electrical activity; carbachol; dopamine; electrostimulus; ethology; melatonin; method development; neuropeptides; neuroregulation; norepinephrine; sectioning; songbirds; sound; telencephalon; tissue /cell preparation

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Birdsong is an excellent model for understanding the neural basis of complex vocal behavior, like human speech. Songbirds naturally learn and produce their song, and like human speech, the learning process depends on hearing. Our long-term goal is to understand the neural mechanisms of song production. As a beginning, this proposal considers the role played by the telencephalic nucleus HVc in zebra finches, which produce one song with high stereotypy throughout life. HVc is likely to participate in driving song production: it is required for singing, its neurons display premotor and patterned activity during song production, and it is poised anatomically to influence the output of the syrinx, the avian vocal organ. Furthermore, studies of HVc in vivo have implicated it as a pattern generator for song. The experiments described here propose to develop a slice preparation of HVc that can be induced to produce activity in vitro that mimics the rhythmic activity observed during song production in vivo. Recent indirect evidence shows that patterned activity can be elicited in brain slice preparations of HVc; the goal here is to directly observe the spiking activity, and to induce it reliably. Specifically, extracellular recordings will be used to monitor the spiking patterns of HVc cells in vitro in response to brief high frequency stimuli, application of neuromodulators, or both. If patterned activity results, we will analyze it for stereotypy and similarity to the song of the bird from which the brain slice was made. The proposal is highly exploratory because it aims to discover the conditions under which rhythmic, singing-related activity can be induced in HVc in vitro. This approach will at least clarify the extent to which HVc is capable of generating rhythmic activity in isolation. If these experiments yield reliable rhythmic activity related to song, then this will be a strong candidate for a preparation of "fictive singing." Such a preparation would provide one of the few vertebrate examples of pattern generation in vitro, claim the first instance of in vitro pattern generation for vocal behavior within the telencephalon, and it would form a basis for future mechanistic investigations of rhythmic activity in HVc, song production, and more generally the motor control of sequenced and patterned motor outputs. This knowledge would be applicable to understanding the mechanisms governing speech production in humans, and enhance the understanding of speech, how it is learned, and its pathologies.

描述（由申请人提供）： Birdsong 是理解复杂声音行为（如人类语音）神经基础的优秀模型。鸣禽自然地学习并发出声音，就像人类的语言一样，学习过程依赖于听觉。我们的长期目标是了解歌曲产生的神经机制。作为开始，该提案考虑了斑胸草雀的端脑核 HVc 所发挥的作用，斑胸草雀终生发出一首具有高度刻板性的歌曲。 HVc 很可能参与驱动鸣叫的产生：它是歌唱所必需的，它的神经元在鸣叫过程中表现出运动前和模式化的活动，并且它在解剖学上能够影响鸟类发声器官鸣管的输出。此外，对 HVc 体内的研究表明它可以作为歌曲的模式生成器。这里描述的实验建议开发一种 HVc 切片制剂，它可以被诱导产生体外活动，模仿体内歌曲产生过程中观察到的节律活动。最近的间接证据表明，在 HVc 的脑切片制备中可以引发模式化活动；这里的目标是直接观察尖峰活动，并可靠地诱导它。具体来说，细胞外记录将用于监测体外 HVc 细胞响应短暂高频刺激、神经调节剂的应用或两者的尖峰模式。如果出现模式化的活动，我们将分析它与制作大脑切片的鸟的歌声的刻板性和相似性。该提案具有高度的探索性，因为它的目的是发现在体外 HVc 中诱导有节奏的、与歌唱相关的活动的条件。这种方法至少将阐明 HVc 能够在多大程度上单独产生节律活动。如果这些实验产生与歌曲相关的可靠节奏活动，那么这将是准备“虚构歌唱”的有力候选者。这样的制备将提供少数脊椎动物体外模式生成的例子之一，声称是端脑内发声行为的体外模式生成的第一个实例，并且它将为未来 HVc、歌曲节律活动的机制研究奠定基础。生产，更普遍的是顺序和模式化电机输出的电机控制。这些知识将适用于理解人类言语产生的机制，并增强对言语、言语学习方式及其病理学的理解。