ANATOMICAL BASIS OF MEMORY AND LANGUAGE

记忆和语言的解剖学基础

• 批准号: 6597649
• 负责人: Daniel T. Tranel
• 金额: $ 11.03万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF IOWA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2002
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2002-07-01 至 2003-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6597649
• 关键词: aphasia; behavioral /social science research tag; brain injury; brain mapping; clinical research; cognition; electrophysiology; human subject; language; language disorders; learning disorders; memory; memory disorders; neural information processing; neuroanatomy; neuropsychology; psycholinguistics

The overall goal of this project is to contribute to the understanding of the neural basis for memory and language. The two topics are combined in this project because the aspects of memory and language we propose to investigate are closely related theoretically and experimentally. The experimental approaches uses the lesion method to interrelate neuropsychological and neuroanatomical findings. The principal aim is to define further the neural basis for the retrieval of concepts and words, in regard to different domains of knowledge, while addressing important issues of interpretation and method. The proposed experiments were planned to answer three main questions: (1) Are the systems underlying the retrieval of concepts neuroanatomically separable from those underlying the retrieval of the corresponding worlds? (2) Are the neural systems required to retrieve knowledge for different conceptual categories (actions, spatial relationships, concrete entities, abstractions) partially segregated, and if so, does the segregation obtain for both concepts and words? (3) What is the influence of various factors related to the stimuli, subjects, and experimental tasks, on the retrieval of concepts and words? By testing specific hypotheses associated with each of these questions, we hope to identify systematic relationships between multi-component neural systems and different domains and processing levels, and to identify cognitive and neural factors which underlie those relationships. Our approach capitalizes on the unique opportunities afforded by the modern investigation of focal lesions in humans. The results will contribute to a more precise formulation of the neural basis of memory and language, at systems levels, and to specification of the neural and cognitive architectures pertaining to representation and access of concepts and words. The results will complement those obtained with other approaches (functional imaging, electrophysiology), shed light on the diagnosis and physiopathology of the amnesias and aphasias, and assist in the development of programs to rehabilitated the large numbers of neurological patients with conditions such as stroke, head injury, and Alzheimer's disease, who develop memory and language impairments.

该项目的总体目标是促进对记忆和语言神经基础的理解。这两个主题在这个项目中结合在一起，因为我们建议研究的记忆和语言方面在理论和实验上密切相关。实验方法使用损伤方法将神经心理学和神经解剖学发现相互关联。主要目的是进一步定义不同知识领域的概念和单词检索的神经基础，同时解决解释和方法的重要问题。所提出的实验计划回答三个主要问题：（1）概念检索的系统在神经解剖学上是否与相应世界检索的系统可分离？ (2) 检索不同概念类别（动作、空间关系、具体实体、抽象）知识所需的神经系统是否部分隔离，如果是，概念和单词是否都实现隔离？ （3）与刺激、受试者和实验任务有关的各种因素对概念和单词的检索有什么影响？通过测试与每个问题相关的具体假设，我们希望确定多组件神经系统与不同领域和处理水平之间的系统关系，并确定这些关系背后的认知和神经因素。我们的方法利用了现代人类局灶性病变研究提供的独特机会。研究结果将有助于在系统层面上更精确地表述记忆和语言的神经基础，并有助于规范与概念和单词的表示和访问有关的神经和认知架构。 这些结果将补充通过其他方法（功能成像、电生理学）获得的结果，阐明健忘症和失语症的诊断和病理生理学，并协​​助制定康复计划，以康复大量患有中风、中风等疾病的神经系统患者。头部受伤和阿尔茨海默病会导致记忆和语言障碍。