EMOTION DIAGNOSTIC FOR PRESCHOOLERS PSYCHOPATHOLOGY

学龄前儿童心理病理学情绪诊断

• 批准号: 6392385
• 负责人: MICHAEL POTEGAL
• 金额: $ 7.35万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2000
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2000-08-01 至 2004-01-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6392385
• 关键词: aggression; angers; attention deficit disorder; behavior prediction; child behavior disorders; clinical research; cryings; emotions; human subject; mental disorder diagnosis; personality; preschool child (1-5)

Multidimensional scaling and factor analysis of tantrum descriptions provided by parents indicate that tantrums consist of two main sets of behaviors. Anger-related behaviors, e.g., shouting, hitting, kicking, stamping, or throwing, are maximal at tantrum onset and decline within a few minutes. Whining, comfort-seeking, and crying are distress-signalling behaviors. Crying occurs with a probability of about 50 percent at tantrum onset and increases in probability and intensity throughout the tantrum; comfort-seeking increases sharply toward the end. Further evidence for the separability of anger and distress comes from our study of right/left hemisphere EEG asymmetries in tantrum prone and non tantrum prone 4 year olds in which there was a significant correlation of right frontal cortex activation with facial expressions of sadness while left posterior temporal activation was associated with both parental reports and laboratory measures of anger. Although independent, anger and distress overlap in the tantrums of most children. With clinical psychopathology, however, tantrum patterns may become exaggerated in one or another direction. Several lines of evidence suggest that 4 year olds presenting primarily with externalizing behavior disorders may have frequent, predominantly angry tantrums in which they are more likely to run away than throw themselves down. Four year olds with primarily internalizing emotional disorders may have prolonged, predominantly distress related tantrums in which they are more likely to seek comfort and/or throw themselves down than run away. We propose to test this hypothesis by training parents of externalizing and internalizing 4 year olds to record their children's tantrums. We propose to determine if tantrum characteristics predict the reactions of these children to emotion eliciting situations in the laboratory. Some physiological indices suggest that baseline levels of physiological arousal and stress are lower in externalizing children and higher in internalizing children. We propose to test the hypotheses that skin conductance baseline levels and reactivity may be inversely associated with tantrum anger while salivary cortisol baseline levels and reactivity may be directly related to tantrum distress. Children typically relinquish tantrums by their fifth year, studies have shown that tantrums persisting to age 8 are strongly prognostic of poor adjustment. We propose to extend this to a younger age by testing whether the frequency, duration, or behavioral content (anger and/or distress) of tantrums at 4 years of age predict the persistence of tantrums and the severity of psychopathology at 5 years.

对父母提供的发脾气描述的多维尺度和因素分析表明，发脾气由两组主要行为组成。 与愤怒相关的行为，例如喊叫、击打、踢、跺脚或投掷，在发脾气时最为严重，并在几分钟内减弱。 发牢骚、寻求安慰和哭泣都是求救信号的行为。发脾气时哭闹的概率约为 50%，并且在整个发脾气过程中哭闹的概率和强度都会增加；到最后，寻求舒适感急剧增加。愤怒和痛苦可分离的进一步证据来自于我们对容易发脾气和不发脾气的 4 岁儿童的右/左半球脑电图不对称性的研究，其中右额叶皮层的激活与悲伤的面部表情存在显着相关性，而左后额叶皮层的激活与悲伤的面部表情存在显着相关性。时间激活与父母的报告和实验室的愤怒测量有关。尽管是独立的，但大多数孩子的发脾气中都会同时出现愤怒和痛苦。 然而，根据临床精神病理学，发脾气模式可能会在一个或另一个方向上变得夸张。多项证据表明，主要表现为外化行为障碍的 4 岁儿童可能会频繁发脾气，主要是愤怒，他们更有可能逃跑而不是摔倒。 主要患有内化情绪障碍的四岁儿童可能会长期发脾气，主要是与痛苦有关，他们更有可能寻求安慰和/或摔倒而不是逃跑。 我们建议通过训练外化和内化 4 岁孩子的父母记录孩子的发脾气来检验这一假设。 我们建议确定发脾气的特征是否可以预测这些孩子对实验室中引发情绪的情况的反应。 一些生理指标表明，外化儿童的生理唤醒和压力基线水平较低，而内化儿童则较高。 我们建议测试以下假设：皮肤电导基线水平和反应性可能与发脾气愤怒呈负相关，而唾液皮质醇基线水平和反应性可能与发脾气困扰直接相关。 孩子们通常会在五岁时不再发脾气，研究表明，持续发脾气到八岁是适应不良的强烈预兆。我们建议将其扩展到更小的年龄，通过测试 4 岁时发脾气的频率、持续时间或行为内容（愤怒和/或痛苦）是否可以预测 5 岁时发脾气的持续性和精神病理学的严重程度。

项目成果

Rages--what are they and who has them?

愤怒——它们是什么以及谁拥有它们？

• 发表时间: 2009-06
• 影响因子: 1.9
• 作者: Carlson, Gabrielle A;Potegal, Michael;Margulies, David;Gutkovich, Zinoviy;Basile, Joann
• 通讯作者: Basile, Joann

Rages or temper tantrums? The behavioral organization, temporal characteristics, and clinical significance of angry-agitated outbursts in child psychiatry inpatients.

发怒或发脾气？

• 发表时间: 2009-12
• 影响因子: 2.9
• 作者: Potegal, Michael;Carlson, Gabrielle;Margulies, David;Gutkovitch, Zinoviy;Wall, Melanie
• 通讯作者: Wall, Melanie

The behavioral organization, temporal characteristics, and diagnostic concomitants of rage outbursts in child psychiatric inpatients.

儿童精神病住院患者愤怒爆发的行为组织、时间特征和诊断伴随物。

• 发表时间: 2009-04
• 影响因子: 6.7
• 作者: Potegal, Michael;Carlson, Gabrielle A;Margulies, David;Basile, Joann;Gutkovich, Zinoviy A;Wall, Melanie
• 通讯作者: Wall, Melanie