Exploring root resistance to take-all disease from wheat landraces and ancestral wheat relatives

探索小麦地方品种和小麦近缘种根系对全病害的抵抗力

• 批准号: 2117982
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: University of Nottingham
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Studentship
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2018 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=studentship-2117982
• 关键词: Exploring; root; resistance; take; disease

Wheat is regarded as one of the three most important crops for human calorie intake and livestock feed. This project aims to further characterise and genetically define resistance to take-all disease found in an ancestral wheat relative, T. monococcum. Characterising the mechanism of resistance will enhance our knowledge of such interactions and potentially lead to new methods of disease control and improved root health that could be used in farming practices of wheat worldwide. Identifying the locus/ loci conferring this resistance will have future applications through introducing such genes into commercially grown wheat varieties. Take-all disease has been linked to yield losses of up to 60% in wheat and yet control methods are very limited, with currently no identified genes for resistance. Therefore, outcomes of this research could improve wheat performance from new cultivars with genetic resistance to root disease, reducing the reliance on crop rotation or chemical interventions. This take-all disease resistance/wheat root health study will involve the following possible experiments:1.The genetic basis of resistance will be investigated using the diploid wheat Triticum monococcum (Tm) mapping population derived from a cross MDR031 (resistant) x MDR043 (susceptible). Third wheat field trials have already been carried out in 2017 and 2018, and this will be replicated in 2019. Sampled and stored root systems will be visually scored for resistance to take-all. 2. A molecular marker map will be generated for the MDR031 x MDR043 population based on a combination of known SSR markers and newly developed KASP markers using SNP information from restriction-site associated DNA (RAD) sequencing as well as the data from the defra funded wheat promotome capture experiment within WGIN3. Molecular markers closely flanking the resistance QTL or QTLs will be determined.3. The resistance present in MDR031 is currently being introgressed into the hexaploid wheat cv. Paragon as part of the defra funded WGIN4 project. Once the backcross generation has reached stage 4, the associated molecular markers identified (in 2 above) will be used on plants to determine which harbour the QTL of interest.4. A collection of take-all isolates will be recovered from the parental Tm lines as well as hexaploid wheat Hereward from field samples and characterised for type, sensitivity to the chemistry silthiofam and via ITS sequencing. The properties of this new collection will be compared with those of the main RRes collection.5. The influence of take-all on the yield of MDR031 and MDR043 will be explored by devising a new ear sampling protocol when Tm is grown in 1st and 3rd wheat situations. Tolerance of Tm to take-all disease has not previously been explored.6. A potentially susceptible rye species will initially be re-investigated in pot tests. If proven to be susceptible, this rye accession will be crossed to a resistant rye and the genetic basis of resistance explored in subsequent generations. The two ryes will also be grown and evaluated in 1st and 3rd wheat field trials to determine adult plant performance and to recover take-all isolates able to colonise rye roots. The mechanisms underlying susceptibility and resistance of rye to take-all will also be studied in pot tests and other types of assays.7. Near isogenic lines (NILs) in the cv. Chinese Spring harbouring the 3N QTL introgressed from Aegilops uniaristata, conferring prolific root development will be studied for their response to take-all infection in pot and 1st and 3rd field experiments and the altered root architecture quantified.8. A comparative microbiome analysis will be done using the Tm parental lines and Hereward in field trials to explore whether the species profile in the rhizosphere and endosphere is altered in the presence of the resistance conferred by MDR031.

小麦被认为是人类热量摄入和牲畜饲料的三大重要作物之一。该项目旨在进一步表征并从遗传学上定义对小麦祖先 T. monocucum 中发现的全病害的抵抗力。描述抗性机制将增强我们对这种相互作用的了解，并有可能带来疾病控制和改善根系健康的新方法，这些方法可用于全球小麦的耕作实践。通过将此类基因引入商业种植的小麦品种，鉴定赋予这种抗性的基因座将在未来得到应用。小麦全食病与高达 60% 的产量损失有关，但控制方法非常有限，目前尚未发现抗性基因。因此，这项研究的结果可以提高具有根部病害遗传抗性的新品种的小麦性能，减少对轮作或化学干预的依赖。这项全面的抗病性/小麦根部健康研究将涉及以下可能的实验：1.将使用源自 MDR031（抗性）x MDR043（易受影响的）。第三次麦田试验已于 2017 年和 2018 年进行，并将于 2019 年重复进行。将对采样和储存的根系进行目视评分，以评估其抗全食性。 2. 将使用来自限制性位点相关 DNA (RAD) 测序的 SNP 信息以及来自 defra 资助的数据，基于已知的 SSR 标记和新开发的 KASP 标记的组合，为 MDR031 x MDR043 群体生成分子标记图谱WGIN3 内的小麦原基组捕获实验。将确定紧邻抗性QTL或QTL侧翼的分子标记。3． MDR031 中存在的抗性目前正在渗入六倍体小麦品种中。 Paragon 是 defra 资助的 WGIN4 项目的一部分。一旦回交代达到第 4 阶段，所鉴定的相关分子标记（上述 2 中）将用于植物以确定哪些含有感兴趣的 QTL。4．将从亲本 Tm 品系以及六倍体小麦 Hereward 中从田间样品中回收一组全能分离株，并通过 ITS 测序对其类型、对化学 silthiofam 的敏感性进行表征。这个新集合的属性将与主要 RRes 集合的属性进行比较。5。当 Tm 在第 1 种和第 3 种小麦情况下生长时，通吃对 MDR031 和 MDR043 产量的影响将通过设计新的穗采样方案来探讨。此前尚未探讨过 Tm 对全病性疾病的耐受性。6．潜在易受影响的黑麦品种将首先在盆栽试验中进行重新研究。如果被证明是易感的，则该黑麦品种将与抗性黑麦杂交，并在后代中探索抗性的遗传基础。这两种黑麦也将在第一次和第三次麦田试验中进行种植和评估，以确定成年植株的性能并恢复能够在黑麦根部定殖的全能分离株。黑麦对全食的敏感性和抗性的潜在机制也将在盆栽试验和其他类型的测定中进行研究。7。 CV中的近等基因系（NIL）。携带从山羊草引入的3N QTL 的中国春，赋予多产的根发育，将在盆栽和第一和第三田间试验中研究其对全侵染的反应，并对改变的根结构进行量化。8．将在田间试验中使用 Tm 亲本系和 Hereward 进行比较微生物组分析，以探讨在存在 MDR031 赋予的抗性的情况下根际和内圈的物种概况是否发生改变。