Reward Sensitivity in Depression: A Biobehavioral Study

抑郁症中的奖赏敏感性：一项生物行为研究

• 批准号: 6583586
• 负责人: Stewart Aaron Shankman
• 金额: $ 2.56万
• 依托单位: STATE UNIVERSITY NEW YORK STONY BROOK
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2002
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2002-09-12 至 2004-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6583586
• 关键词: adolescence (12-20); adult human (21+); anxiety disorders; avoidance behavior; behavior; behavior test; behavioral /social science research tag; clinical research; comorbidity; depression; electroencephalography; frontal lobe /cortex; human subject; interview; major depression; negative reinforcements; predoctoral investigator; psychological reinforcement

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): In recent years, many researchers have been interested in discovering a neuropsychological basis of emotion and emotional disorders. One of the more widely studied of these models has been Davidson's approach-withdrawal model (Davidson, 1998), which posits two separate neural systems of motivation and emotion and hypothesizes that these systems are responsible for individual differences in reactivity to emotional stimuli, or "affective styles." The model also proposes that abnormalities in these systems play an etiological role in emotional disorders: depression is characterized by a deficit in reward seeking behavior (i.e., approach motivation) and anxiety is characterized by a tendency to withdraw from aversive stimuli (i.e., withdrawal motivation). These abnormalities are also hypothesized to be associated with specific asymmetries in frontal activation (depression = decrease in left frontal; anxiety = increase in right frontal). While several researchers have found support for this model, no study has directly tested whether the hypothesized frontal asymmetry reflects this "low approach style" in depression. This project will be able to test this hypothesis by comparing the EEG activation of depressed and non-depressed individuals during tasks that manipulate approach and withdrawal motivation. This study will also be able to explore whether the relationship between motivation and EEG asymmetry is different for individuals with particular clinical characteristics (e.g., a comorbid anxiety disorder, chronic depression). This project will not only be able to address the relationship between motivation and depression but will also further the understanding of the heterogeneity of depression by teasing apart its biological correlates.

描述（由申请人提供）：近年来，许多研究人员对发现情绪和情绪障碍的神经心理学基础感兴趣。这些模型中得到更广泛研究的模型之一是戴维森的接近-退出模型（Davidson，1998），该模型假设了动机和情感的两个独立的神经系统，并假设这些系统导致了对情绪刺激的反应的个体差异，或者“情感风格。”该模型还提出，这些系统的异常在情绪障碍中发挥着病因学作用：抑郁症的特点是寻求奖励行为（即接近动机）的缺陷，而焦虑症的特点是倾向于从厌恶刺激中退缩（即退缩动机） ）。这些异常也被假设与额叶激活的特定不对称性有关（抑郁=左额叶减少；焦虑=右额叶增加）。虽然一些研究人员已经找到了对该模型的支持，但没有研究直接测试假设的额叶不对称是否反映了抑郁症中的这种“低接近风格”。该项目将能够通过比较抑郁症和非抑郁症个体在操纵接近和退缩动机的任务期间的脑电图激活来检验这一假设。这项研究还将能够探索动机和脑电图不对称之间的关系对于具有特定临床特征（例如，共病焦虑症、慢性抑郁症）的个体是否有所不同。该项目不仅能够解决动机和抑郁之间的关系，还将通过梳理抑郁症的生物学相关性，进一步加深对抑郁症异质性的理解。