Effect of climate on internal erosion in embankment dams and flood defences

气候对堤坝和防洪设施内部侵蚀的影响

• 批准号: 2030473
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: University of Glasgow
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Studentship
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2018 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=studentship-2030473
• 关键词: Effect; climate; internal; erosion; embankment

Internal erosion occurs where soils are eroded from within geotechnical structures such as embankment dams and levees by water seepage. It is one of the two most common causes of failure in dams and levees, both worldwide and in the UK. Wetter winters will lead to dramatic increases in peak river flows and the increased risk of summer drought followed by convective storms will increase the occurrence of flash floods, meaning that dams and levees will be subject to greater hydraulic loads. The soil from which they are constructed will also be subject to greater wetting and drying cycles related to increased evaporation and rainfall. The effect of this cycling on soil erosion resistance is unknown. This research will be the first to study how such climate processes affect internal erosion. The results will be placed within an unsaturated soil mechanics framework to allow a deep understanding of the effect of climate change, and the specific mechanisms which drive these effects. The data will be used to create a science-based predictive model about how these soils may deteriorate when subjected to climatic cycles. The hypotheses for experimental investigation is:- Climate induced wetting and drying cycles will cause deterioration leading to a reduction in the erosion resistance of embankment fill materials. The affected infrastructure will include UK embankment dams and levees. Such cycles have always occurred but their severity is likely to increase due to climate change. The specific Objectives for the project are:1) Construct and commission a state of the art hole erosion testing device (HET). The HET is an experimental technique to determine the erosion resistance of embankment soils and is the most widely used research tool for this purpose. Results of tests on model soils will be benchmarked against other groups' published results. 2) Subject fills to wetting and drying paths to mimic those in real embankments. Both real embankment fills and laboratory soils with similar characteristics to susceptible materials from UK dams will be tested. The method should be repeatable and create samples which are homogeneous in terms of density and water content. 3) Carry out a series of HET tests to obtain high quality data describing the erosion resistance of soils which are: (i) as compacted and (ii) subjected to wetting / drying paths following compaction. 4) Create a predictive model of how the erosion resistance of embankment materials is likely to change over their lifetime. This will link measurable soil properties to the change in erosion resistance from the as-compacted state.

内部侵蚀发生在岩土结构（如堤坝和堤坝）内部的土壤因渗水而受到侵蚀的情况。无论是在世界范围内还是在英国，它都是水坝和堤坝溃坝的两个最常见原因之一。潮湿的冬季将导致河流峰值流量急剧增加，夏季干旱的风险增加，随后的对流风暴将增加山洪的发生，这意味着水坝和堤坝将承受更大的水力负荷。由于蒸发和降雨量增加，建造它们的土壤也将受到更大的干湿循环的影响。这种循环对土壤侵蚀抵抗力的影响尚不清楚。这项研究将首次研究此类气候过程如何影响内部侵蚀。研究结果将置于非饱和土力学框架内，以便深入了解气候变化的影响以及驱动这些影响的具体机制。这些数据将用于创建一个基于科学的预测模型，预测这些土壤在经历气候循环时可能会如何恶化。实验研究的假设是： - 气候引起的湿润和干燥循环将导致恶化，导致路堤填充材料的耐侵蚀性降低。受影响的基础设施将包括英国堤坝和堤坝。这种循环一直在发生，但由于气候变化，其严重程度可能会增加。该项目的具体目标是：1）建造并调试最先进的孔侵蚀测试装置（HET）。 HET 是一种确定路堤土壤抗侵蚀性的实验技术，也是为此目的使用最广泛的研究工具。模型土壤的测试结果将与其他小组公布的结果进行基准比较。 2) 对象填充湿润和干燥路径以模仿真实路堤中的路径。真实的路堤填充物和实验室土壤与来自英国大坝的易受影响的材料具有相似的特性，都将进行测试。该方法应该是可重复的，并产生密度和含水量均质的样品。 3) 进行一系列 HET 测试，以获得描述土壤抗侵蚀性的高质量数据，这些数据为：(i) 压实后的土壤和 (ii) 压实后经历的湿润/干燥路径。 4) 创建一个预测模型，了解路堤材料的耐侵蚀性在其使用寿命期间可能如何变化。这将把可测量的土壤特性与压实状态的耐侵蚀性变化联系起来。