NEURAL SUBSTRATES OF STIMULUS RECOGNITION AND ASSOCIATION MEMORY

刺激识别和联想记忆的神经基质

• 批准号: 6290582
• 负责人: ELISABETH A MURRAY
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF MENTAL HEALTH
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 至
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6290582
• 关键词: Macaca; amygdala; association learning; entorhinal cortex; hippocampus; memory; neural information processing; stimulus /response

Memory loss typically accompanies strokes of the anterior communicating artery, viral infections of the brain, normal aging, and is a central feature of certain diseases such as Alzheimers and AIDs dementia complex as well. To understand the mechanisms underlying storage of information in the brain we have examined the effects of selective cerebral ablations and disconnections on different types of memory in macaque monkeys. The storage of stimulus memories in monkeys is achieved in large part by a strip of cortex lying at the base of the medial temporal lobe. This region is comprised of the entorhinal cortex and perirhinal cortex, abbreviated here as rhinal cortex. The rhinal cortex appears to be critical for accurate stimulus identification, stimulus recognition, and stimulus-stimulus association. Further, the rhinal cortex receives information from all the modality-specific neocortical regions, after processing through a series of cortical fields, and mediates stimulus recognition in at least the visual and somatic sensory modalities (and perhaps other sensory modalities as well). The rhinal cortex appears to be responsible for stimulus- stimulus associative memory both within sensory modalities (i.e. intramodal associations) and across sensory modalities (i.e. crossmodal associations). Moreover, the rhinal cortex can mediate these types of information storage in the absence of the medial temporal lobe limbic structures, the amygdala and hippocampus. It is proposed that the rhinal cortex is the kernel of a memory system specialized for storing knowledge about objects, and that this system is analogous to a semantic memory system in humans. Stimulus memories can be linked to affective states and reward through connections of the rhinal cortex with the amygdala. Stimulus memories can be linked with locations and motor acts through connections of the rhinal cortex with the hippocampal formation. - Perirhinal Cortex, Hippocampal, Sensory Modalities

记忆丧失通常伴随着前交通动脉中风、大脑病毒感染、正常衰老，并且是某些疾病（例如阿尔茨海默病和艾滋病痴呆症）的核心特征。为了了解大脑中信息存储的机制，我们研究了选择性大脑消融和大脑断开对猕猴不同类型记忆的影响。猴子对刺激记忆的存储在很大程度上是通过位于内侧颞叶底部的一条皮层来实现的。该区域由内嗅皮质和鼻周皮质组成，此处缩写为鼻皮质。鼻皮质似乎对于准确的刺激识别、刺激识别和刺激-刺激关联至关重要。此外，鼻皮质从所有特定形态的新皮质区域接收信息，经过一系列皮质场处理后，并至少在视觉和躯体感觉形态（也许还有其他感觉形态）中介导刺激识别。鼻皮质似乎负责感觉模式内（即模式内关联）和跨感觉模式（即跨模式关联）的刺激-刺激关联记忆。此外，在没有内侧颞叶边缘结构、杏仁核和海马体的情况下，鼻皮质可以介导这些类型的信息存储。有人提出，鼻皮质是专门用于存储有关物体的知识的记忆系统的核心，并且该系统类似于人类的语义记忆系统。刺激记忆可以通过鼻皮质与杏仁核的连接与情感状态和奖励联系起来。刺激记忆可以通过鼻皮质与海马结构的连接与位置和运动行为联系起来。 - 嗅周皮层、海马、感觉方式