Cognitive and social aspects of decision-making

决策的认知和社会方面

基本信息

批准号：
6556001
负责人：
STACEY A WOOD
金额：
$ 13.75万
依托单位：
UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2002
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2002-09-30 至 2006-08-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6556001
关键词：
age difference artificial intelligence behavioral /social science research tag bias clinical research cognition decision making human old age (65+) human subject prejudice questionnaires university student young adult human (21-34)

项目摘要

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The study of decision making in older adults is critical for both theoretical and practical reasons. Despite the importance of this topic, there is limited empirical data describing how decision making changes in adulthood. The proposed project will examine the basic processes that underlie decision-making in older adults. A review of the literature suggests that older adults should rely more on heuristics and be more susceptible to environmental triggers than younger adults. However, a direct examination of the impact on decision-making has not been done. Specifically, we will examine the availability and anchoring heuristics in younger and older adults using modified versions of the traditional tasks designed by Tversky and Kahneman (1973, 1974). Finally, we will examine the impact of a negative stereotype trigger on the use of heuristics in older and younger adults. A total of 6 experiments are proposed over a three-year period. Experiment 1 examines the availability heuristic in young and older adults across several conditions that manipulate the amount of material presented. Experiment 2 examines the availability heuristic in older and young adults across two conditions that manipulate speed of presentation. It is hypothesized that older adults will demonstrate an increase in the availability heuristic on conditions with a large amount of material and with speeded presentation. Experiment 3 and 4 will examine the anchoring bias in two experiments that present an anchor randomly and with a decision agent present, respectively. We hypothesize an increase in the anchoring bias and more reliance on decision agents. Experiment 5 and 6 will introduce a negative stereotype trigger prior to the administration of an availability heuristic task and anchoring task. We hypothesize that the addition of a trigger will result in an increased bias across tasks and conditions as older adults switch from an analytic to rule-based mode.

描述（由申请人提供）：出于理论和实践原因，对老年人决策的研究至关重要。尽管这个主题很重要，但描述成年期决策如何变化的经验数据却很有限。拟议的项目将研究老年人决策的基本过程。对文献的回顾表明，老年人应该更多地依赖启发法，并且比年轻人更容易受到环境触发因素的影响。然而，尚未直接研究对决策的影响。具体来说，我们将使用 Tversky 和 Kahneman（1973，1974）设计的传统任务的修改版本来检查年轻人和老年人的可用性和锚定启发式。最后，我们将研究负面刻板印象触发因素对老年人和年轻人使用启发法的影响。三年内总共提出了 6 项实验。实验 1 检查了年轻人和老年人在几种控制所呈现材料数量的条件下的可用性启发式。实验 2 检查了老年人和年轻人在两种控制表达速度的条件下的可用性启发式。据推测，在大量材料和快速演示的情况下，老年人将表现出可用性启发式的增加。实验 3 和 4 将检查两个实验中的锚定偏差，这两个实验分别随机呈现锚点和存在决策代理。我们假设锚定偏差会增加并且对决策代理的依赖会增加。实验 5 和 6 将在执行可用性启发式任务和锚定任务之前引入负面刻板印象触发器。我们假设，随着老年人从分析模式转向基于规则的模式，添加触发器将导致任务和条件之间的偏差增加。