Astronomy at Durham 2023-2026

达勒姆天文学 2023-2026

• 批准号: ST/X001075/1
• 负责人: Alastair Edge
• 金额: $ 898.36万
• 依托单位: Durham University
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2023 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=ST%2FX001075%2F1
• 关键词: Astronomy; Durham; 2023; 2026

Astronomy attracts the imagination of the public to an extent that few other branches of science can match - this is due, in large part, to the fundamental nature of the questions it addresses: the origin of the Universe and our place within it.Our understanding of the universe has developed rapidly over the last few decades. On the basis of the standard cosmological model we live in a universe where at least two thirds of the mass energy is in the form of dark energy which causes the Universe to expand at an ever increasing rate. About a quarter of the mass energy is in the form of dark matter, most probably a new weakly interacting elementary particle yet to be detected on Earth (and hence of great interest to particle physicists). The remaining five percent of the mass energy is in the form of ordinary, or baryonic, matter of which only about a tenth is in stars and planets such as the Earth, and the rest resides mostly as gas in between galaxies. The structures formed by dark and baryonic matter are thought to have been seeded by quantum fluctuations imprinted in the density field of the Universe at the earliest instants of the Big Bang. These produced weak sound waves in the near-uniform primordial plasma that left observable imprints on the heat left over from the Big Bang, emitted when the Universe was only 400,000 years old (now visible as the Cosmic Microwave Background). These tiny ripples grew into the full richness of structures we see around us in the Universe today: galaxies, groups, clusters and larger-scale structures.Our programme combines cutting-edge theoretical and observational projects to determine the formation and evolution of structure in the Universe and to confront the predictions of our models with our latest observational results, while exploiting instrumentation developments pursued in Durham. We will explore astrophysical clues to the identity of the dark matter, focus on the evolution of galaxies back to the earliest times in the Universe and the influence which their environment has had on their properties. We will investigate the formation and evolution of stars and black holes and their role in determining the structure and properties of galaxies and larger-scale structures, using the latest instruments on ground-based observatories and Earth-orbiting satellites.

天文学吸引公众想象力的程度是其他科学分支无法比拟的——这在很大程度上是由于它所解决的问题的基本性质：宇宙的起源以及我们在宇宙中的位置。我们的理解在过去的几十年里，宇宙的发展迅速。根据标准宇宙学模型，我们生活在一个宇宙中，至少三分之二的质量能量以暗能量的形式存在，这导致宇宙以不断增加的速度膨胀。大约四分之一的质量能量是以暗物质的形式存在的，暗物质很可能是一种尚未在地球上检测到的新的弱相互作用基本粒子（因此引起了粒子物理学家的极大兴趣）。其余百分之五的质量能量以普通或重子的形式存在，其中只有大约十分之一存在于恒星和行星（例如地球）中，其余的大部分以气体形式存在于星系之间。人们认为，由暗物质和重子物质形成的结构是由大爆炸最初瞬间印在宇宙密度场中的量子涨落产生的。它们在近乎均匀的原始等离子体中产生微弱的声波，在大爆炸留下的热量上留下了可观察到的印记，这些热量是在宇宙只有 40 万年历史时发出的（现在可见为宇宙微波背景）。这些微小的涟漪成长为我们今天在宇宙中看到的丰富的结构：星系、星系团、星团和更大规模的结构。我们的计划结合了尖端的理论和观测项目，以确定宇宙中结构的形成和演化。宇宙，并用我们最新的观测结果来对抗我们的模型的预测，同时利用达勒姆所追求的仪器发展。我们将探索暗物质身份的天体物理学线索，重点关注宇宙最早时期的星系演化及其环境对其特性的影响。我们将利用地面天文台和地球轨道卫星上的最新仪器，研究恒星和黑洞的形成和演化，以及它们在确定星系和更大规模结构的结构和特性中的作用。

项目成果

A population of Optically Quiescent Quasars from WISE and SDSS

来自 WISE 和 SDSS 的光学静止类星体群

• DOI: http://dx.10.1093/mnras/stad3964
• 发表时间: 2024
• 期刊: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
• 影响因子: 4.8
• 作者: Greenwell C

Where shadows lie: reconstruction of anisotropies in the neutrino sky

阴影所在：中微子天空中各向异性的重建

• DOI: http://dx.10.48550/arxiv.2307.03191
• 发表时间: 2023
• 作者: Elbers W

Classifying Optical (Out)bursts in Cataclysmic Variables: The Distinct Observational Characteristics of Dwarf Novae, Micronovae, Stellar Flares, and Magnetic Gating

对灾难变星中的光学（输出）爆发进行分类：矮新星、微新星、恒星耀斑和磁门控的独特观测特征

• DOI: 10.3847/2041-8213/ad243c
• 发表时间: 2024-02-01
• 期刊: The Astrophysical Journal Letters
• 作者: K. Iłkiewicz;S. Scaringi;M. Veresvarska;D. de Martino;C. Littlefield;C. Knigge;J. Paice;A. Sahu
• 通讯作者: A. Sahu

Examining the nature of the ultraluminous X-ray source Holmberg II X-1

检查超发光 X 射线源 Holmberg II X-1 的性质

• DOI: http://dx.10.1051/0004-6361/202348471
• 发表时间: 2023
• 期刊: Astronomy & Astrophysics
• 影响因子: 6.5
• 作者: Barra F

Where shadows lie: reconstruction of anisotropies in the neutrino sky

阴影所在：中微子天空中各向异性的重建

• DOI: 10.1088/1475-7516/2023/10/010
• 发表时间: 2023-07-06
• 期刊: Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics
• 影响因子: 6.4
• 作者: W. Elbers;C. Frenk;A. Jenkins;Baojiu Li;S. Pascoli;J. Jasche;G. Lavaux;V. Springel
• 通讯作者: V. Springel