SPATIAL ATTENTION EFFECTS IN THE HUMAN VISUAL CORTEX

人类视觉皮层的空间注意力效应

• 批准号: 6384860
• 负责人: GEOFFREY M BOYNTON
• 金额: $ 42.05万
• 依托单位: SALK INSTITUTE FOR BIOLOGICAL STUDIES
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1999
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1999-08-16 至 2004-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6384860
• 关键词: attention; behavioral /social science research tag; functional magnetic resonance imaging; human subject; lateral geniculate body; mathematical model; neural information processing; neurons; performance; psychophysics; space perception; visual cortex; visual fields; visual pathways; visual perception; visual stimulus

DESCRIPTION (Adapted From The Applicant's Abstract): Behavioral performance in many perceptual tasks is enhanced when a cue directs the subject's spatial attention to the relevant location in the visual field. The neuronal basis of this improvement in performance has been studied in the macaque monkey, where the activity of neurons in several visual areas has been shown to increase when a task directs attention to stimuli within a neuron's receptive field. We recently found, using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), that spatial attention also modulates neuronal activity in the earliest levels of visual processing of the human brain. Our long-term objective is to obtain a detailed understanding of where and how spatial attention modulates neuronal responses in the human visual cortex (and the lateral geniculate nucleus), and to examine how these attentional modulations of neuronal response improve behavioral performance. We will address four questions: (1) What visual areas in the human visual system are affected by spatial attention? (2) How does attending to different features of a stimulus (e.g. speed, color, and shape) influence responses in the human brain? (3) Does spatial attention modulate the baseline responses of neurons, or does it affect the stimulus-driven response? (4) Can the modulation of neuronal responses by spatial attention in early visual areas predict changes in behavioral performance of an observer? We will address these questions using a combination of new quantitative fMRI techniques, visual psychophysics, and computational modeling. Behavioral deficits in the ability to allocate spatial attention have been found in certain clinical subpopulations including people with developmental dyslexia and attentional deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Our proposed studies will therefore provide insight into the neurological basis of these disorders.

描述（改编自申请人的摘要）： 当提示指导主题的空间时，许多感知任务就会增强 注意视野中的相关位置。神经元基础 在猕猴中研究了这种表现的改善 当几个视觉区域的神经元的活性显示 一项任务将注意力转移到神经元的接受场内。我们 最近发现，使用功能性磁共振成像（fMRI）， 空间注意还可以调节最早的神经元活动 人脑的视觉处理。我们的长期目标是获得 详细了解在何处和如何调节神经元的空间注意力 人类视觉皮层（和侧向元素核）中的反应，以及 检查这些神经元反应的注意调制如何改善 行为表现。我们将解决四个问题：（1）哪些视觉领域 在人类的视觉系统中受到空间关注的影响？ （2）如何 参与刺激的不同特征（例如速度，颜色和形状） 影响人脑中的反应？ （3）空间注意力调节 神经元的基线反应，还是影响刺激驱动的反应？ （4）可以早期通过空间注意来调节神经元反应 视觉领域预测观察者行为表现的变化？我们将 使用新的定量fMRI的组合解决这些问题 技术，视觉心理物理学和计算建模。行为 在分配空间注意力的能力的缺陷中已发现 某些临床亚群，包括发育阅读障碍的人 和注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）。我们提出的研究 因此，将洞悉这些疾病的神经系统基础。