Manchester Nuclear Physics CG 2023

曼彻斯特核物理 CG 2023

• 批准号: ST/Y000323/1
• 负责人: Kieran Flanagan
• 金额: $ 235.87万
• 依托单位: University of Manchester
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2024
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2024 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=ST%2FY000323%2F1
• 关键词: Manchester; Nuclear; Physics; CG; 2023

Nuclear Physics aims to understand the structure and dynamics of nuclear systems. It is the key to understanding the Universe from the first microseconds of its inception when the quark-gluon plasma prevailed, through its history of star and galaxy formation where nuclear reactions play an essential role both in the generation of energy and the creation of elements. The field also has applications that benefit society in diverse areas, from medicine and security to power production, and a strong impact on other fields of science. The Manchester group is part of the UK nuclear community which has devised a mode of operation that enables it to make leading edge contributions at an international level. Experimental work is performed at specific overseas facilities with focussed investment in the necessary instrumentation to carry out this work. Theoretical projects are undertaken using models incorporating forces inspired by the underlying quantum chromodynamics.Atomic nuclei are a unique quantal laboratory in which microscopic as well as mesoscopic features, driven by effective two- body and three-body forces, can be studied. They are complex many-body systems, but often display unexpected regularities and simple excitation patterns that arise from underlying shell structure, pairing and collective modes of excitation. Such properties are also exhibited by simpler mesoscopic systems (for example, metallic clusters, quantum dots, and atomic condensates) the understanding of which draws heavily on techniques developed and honed in nuclear physics. A fundamental challenge is to understand nuclear properties ab-initio from the interplay of the strong, weak, and electromagnetic forces between individual nucleons. In recent years, enormous progress has been made with such programmes for light nuclei. For heavier nuclei, shell, cluster and other beyond mean field many-body techniques, based on effective interactions, provide essential frameworks for correlating experimental data, yet still lack the refinement to reliably predict nuclear properties as one moves more than a few nucleons from well-studied stable nuclei. Experimental measurements are made to test modern theories using the techniques of transfer reactions, gamma-ray spectroscopy and measurements of hyperfine atomic effects using lasers.We also aim to make connections between the interactions of nucleons and the underlying theory that describes the strong force, Quantum Chromodynamics. Key quantities are the polarisabilities that describe how the structures of nucleons respond to external electric and magnetic fields. We are developing theoretical tools to determine these from experiments on the scattering of photons from hydrogen and other light nuclei. The latter are needed to learn about the the properties of the neutron since it is an unstable particle, and are also interesting for the testing of nuclear forces in few-body systems and for the calculation of muonic atom Lamb shifts.

核物理学旨在了解核系统的结构和动力学。它是理解宇宙从夸克-胶子等离子体盛行的最初几微秒开始，到恒星和星系形成历史的关键，其中核反应在能量的产生和元素的创造中发挥着重要作用。该领域还具有从医学、安全到电力生产等多个领域造福社会的应用，并对其他科学领域产生了巨大影响。曼彻斯特集团是英国核电界的一部分，英国核电界设计了一种运营模式，使其能够在国际层面做出领先的贡献。实验工作是在特定的海外设施进行的，重点投资于开展这项工作所需的仪器。理论项目是使用包含受基础量子色动力学启发的力的模型来进行的。原子核是一个独特的量子实验室，可以在其中研究由有效的二体和三体力驱动的微观和介观特征。它们是复杂的多体系统，但经常表现出意想不到的规律性和简单的激励模式，这些模式是由底层壳结构、配对和集体激励模式产生的。更简单的介观系统（例如金属团簇、量子点和原子凝聚体）也表现出这些特性，对这些系统的理解很大程度上依赖于核物理中开发和磨练的技术。一个基本的挑战是从单个核子之间的强力、弱力和电磁力的相互作用来理解核特性。近年来，此类轻核计划取得了巨大进展。对于较重的核、壳层、团簇和其他超出平均场的多体技术，基于有效的相互作用，为关联实验数据提供了必要的框架，但仍然缺乏可靠预测核特性的细化，因为一个人从井中移动了多个核子-研究稳定的原子核。使用转移反应、伽马射线光谱学和使用激光测量超精细原子效应的技术进行实验测量来测试现代理论。我们还致力于在核子相互作用与描述强力量子的基础理论之间建立联系。色动力学。关键量是描述核子结构如何响应外部电场和磁场的极化率。我们正在开发理论工具，通过氢和其他轻核光子散射的实验来确定这些。后者需要了解中子的性质，因为中子是一种不稳定的粒子，并且对于少体系统中的核力测试和μ子原子兰姆位移的计算也很有趣。