A modular, integrated electron gun and RF cavity for radiotherapy treatment systems in developing countries

用于发展中国家放射治疗系统的模块化集成电子枪和射频腔

• 批准号: ST/S002081/1
• 负责人: Graeme Burt
• 金额: $ 7.37万
• 依托单位: Lancaster University
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2018 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=ST%2FS002081%2F1
• 关键词: modular; integrated; electron; gun; RF

4 in 10 patients with cancer in the UK receive radiotherapy treatment on a linear electron accelerator (linac) based radiotherapy treatment (RTT) system. In the lowest income counties within Africa only 4% of cancer patients that need radiotherapy receive RTT . There are currently 385 radiotherapy machines on the continent of 54 countries and 1 billion people. About 60% of the machines are found in just three countries: South Africa, Egypt and Morocco. The next 20% are also in just three countries: Tunisia, Nigeria and Algeria. Figure 1 shows the number of RTT machines per million people , as can be seen in Europe almost all counties have more than 1 machine for every 0.2 million people while in Africa many countries have less than 1 machine per 5 million people. Even though high cost of these machines is an issue, downtime is a major issue in African radiotherapy centres which can affect treatment outcomes and severely limits the number of RTT facilities. In 2016 Ghana's only RTT failed, having been in operation since 1995, while most RTT machines are only meant to last 10-15 years with proper maintenance by the manufacturer. In this project we aim to optimise a radiotherapy system to make maintenance easier while extending the life of an RTT system. One of the most common parts to fail is the electron source (gun) of the linear accelerator which can have a lifetime of 2-3 years . Typically, the electron gun is an integrated part of the linac, and in case of fault all of the linac needs to be replaced or returned to the manufacturer for repair which is expensive and takes a long time. Our aim is to make a modular electron gun that can be repaired seperately from the linear accelerator. We will also look at reducing the cost of the RF cavity and minimising beam losses inside the cavity to help reduce the cost as well.

在英国，十分之四的癌症患者接受基于直线电子加速器 (linac) 的放射治疗 (RTT) 系统的放射治疗。在非洲收入最低的国家，只有 4% 需要放射治疗的癌症患者接受 RTT。目前非洲大陆有54个国家和10亿人口，共有385台放射治疗机。大约 60% 的机器分布在三个国家：南非、埃及和摩洛哥。接下来的 20% 也仅分布在三个国家：突尼斯、尼日利亚和阿尔及利亚。图1显示了每百万人口的RTT机器数量，可以看出，在欧洲几乎所有国家每20万人拥有1台以上机器，而在非洲许多国家每500万人拥有不到1台机器。尽管这些机器的成本高昂是一个问题，但停机时间是非洲放射治疗中心的一个主要问题，这可能会影响治疗结果并严重限制 RTT 设施的数量。 2016 年，加纳唯一一台 RTT 发生故障，该 RTT 自 1995 年以来一直在运行，而大多数 RTT 机器在制造商适当维护的情况下只能持续 10-15 年。在这个项目中，我们的目标是优化放射治疗系统，使维护更容易，同时延长 RTT 系统的使用寿命。最常见的故障部件之一是直线加速器的电子源（电子枪），其使用寿命为 2-3 年。通常，电子枪是直线加速器的集成部分，如果出现故障，则需要更换所有直线加速器或返回制造商进行维修，这是昂贵且耗时的。我们的目标是制造一种可以与直线加速器分开维修的模块化电子枪。我们还将考虑降低射频腔的成本并最大限度地减少腔内的光束损耗，以帮助降低成本。

项目成果

Pushing the capture limit of thermionic gun linacs

突破热电子枪直线加速器的捕获极限

• DOI: http://dx.10.1103/physrevaccelbeams.24.080401
• 发表时间: 2021
• 期刊: Physical Review Accelerators and Beams
• 影响因子: 1.7
• 作者: Setiniyaz S

Electron Injector Based on Thermionic RF-Modulated Electron Gun for Particle Accelerator Applications

用于粒子加速器应用的基于热电子射频调制电子枪的电子注入器

• DOI: http://dx.10.1109/ted.2019.2954778
• 发表时间: 2020
• 期刊: IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices
• 影响因子: 3.1
• 作者: Zhang L

Modulated electron beam produced by a thermionic cathode electron gun for particle accelerator applications

用于粒子加速器应用的热离子阴极电子枪产生的调制电子束

• DOI: http://dx.10.48730/vkw9-zj46
• 发表时间: 2022
• 作者: Adam G

Modulated electron beam produced by a thermionic cathode electron gun for particle accelerator applications

用于粒子加速器应用的热离子阴极电子枪产生的调制电子束

• DOI: http://dx.10.48730/r9b7-e912
• 发表时间: 2022
• 作者: Adam G

Surveying the Challenges to Improve Linear Accelerator-based Radiation Therapy in Africa: a Unique Collaborative Platform of All 28 African Countries Offering Such Treatment.

调查非洲改善直线加速器放射治疗的挑战：提供此类治疗的所有 28 个非洲国家的独特合作平台。

• DOI: http://dx.10.1016/j.clon.2021.05.008
• 发表时间: 2021
• 期刊: Clinical oncology (Royal College of Radiologists (Great Britain))
• 作者: Ige TA