NEUROBIOLOGY OF COGNITIVE GAINS WITH OPIATE MAINTENANCE

阿片维持认知增益的神经生物学

• 批准号: 6378760
• 负责人: STEVEN D. FORMAN
• 金额: $ 13.8万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH AT PITTSBURGH
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1998
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1998-05-01 至 2003-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6378760
• 关键词: bioimaging /biomedical imaging; brain electrical activity; clinical research; cognition; drug abuse; drug abuse chemotherapy; electrophysiology; functional magnetic resonance imaging; heroin; human subject; laboratory rat; longitudinal human study; methadone; neural information processing; neurobiology; neurochemistry; prefrontal lobe /cortex

DESCRIPTION: (Applicant's Abstract) We propose a longitudinal study to monitor prefrontal cortical functioning in 56 heroin-dependent patients during the course of opiate maintenance. Using a newly developed variant of the Go/No Go task and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), we will assess whether prefrontal cortical activity increases with clinical improvement, both in dorsolateral regions associated with delay-dependent processing and in ventral areas associated with inhibitory processing. We will additionally use a combined fMRI/microdialysis system in a rat model to measure the neurochemical changes in those relevant brain areas identified in the clinical investigation. Heroin dependence remains a major public health problem in the United States. Opiate maintenance is the most effective treatment modality with an estimated 115,000 individuals currently receiving methadone maintenance (IOM Report, 1995). Despite its demonstrable effectiveness and widespread use, very little is known about the cognitive effects of chronic methadone. We know that opiate maintenance treatment allows opiate addicts to cease their relentless search for illicit opiates, accompanied by psychosocial stabilization in a number of domains including decreased criminal activity, increased productivity, increased employment and educational pursuits. Clinically, as the destabilized lifestyle of the addict is marked by impulsivity (by diagnostic definition), it appears apparent that clinical improvement must be accompanied by improvements in this cognitive characteristic. Opposition to opiate maintenance has always arisen from the view that opiate maintenance merely swaps one abused narcotic for another. From both a clinical and sociopolitical standpoint it is obviously relevant to establish that opiate maintenance treats a cognitive deficit induced by previous illicit opiate abuse. We have found no study addressing whether and how opiate maintenance affects impulsivity.

描述：（申请人摘要） 我们提出一项监测前额皮质功能的纵向研究 56 名海洛因依赖患者在鸦片维持过程中进行了研究。 使用新开发的 Go/No Go 任务变体和功能性磁性 磁共振成像（fMRI），我们将评估前额皮质是否 背外侧区域的活动随着临床改善而增加 与延迟相关的处理和腹侧区域相关 与抑制处理。 我们还将另外使用组合的 功能磁共振成像/微透析系统在大鼠模型中测量神经化学物质 临床中发现的相关大脑区域的变化 调查。 海洛因依赖仍然是美国的一个主要公共卫生问题 国家。 阿片维持治疗是最有效的治疗方式 目前估计有 115,000 人正在接受美沙酮维持治疗（IOM 报告，1995）。 尽管其有效性已得到证实并得到广泛使用， 人们对长期美沙酮对认知的影响知之甚少。 我们 知道阿片类药物维持治疗可以让阿片类药物成瘾者停止吸毒 对非法阿片剂的不懈搜寻，伴随着心理社会 一些领域的稳定，包括减少犯罪活动， 提高生产力、增加就业和教育追求。 临床上，成瘾者不稳定的生活方式的特点是 冲动（根据诊断定义），临床上很明显 改善必须伴随着这种认知的改善 特征。 对阿片类药物维持的反对一直来自于 认为鸦片维持只是将一种滥用的麻醉品换成另一种。 从临床和社会政治的角度来看，这显然是相关的 确定维持阿片类药物可以治疗由以下原因引起的认知缺陷： 以前非法滥用阿片类药物。 我们没有发现任何研究涉及是否 以及鸦片维持如何影响冲动。