Development of a Reconfigurable Monolithic Active Pixel Sensor in Radiation-hard Technology for Outer Tracking and Digital Electromagnetic Calorimetry

开发用于外部跟踪和数字电磁量热的抗辐射技术中的可重构单片有源像素传感器

基本信息

批准号：
ST/N002911/1
负责人：
Philip Allport
金额：
$ 18.48万
依托单位：
University of Birmingham
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2016
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2016 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=ST%2FN002911%2F1
关键词：
Development Reconfigurable Monolithic Active Pixel

项目摘要

As particle physics progresses, the demands in terms of detector technologies always push toward needing fine segmentation, faster read-out and greater radiation tolerance; all at lower cost. To find particles too massive to have been seen already, particle colliders have to continuously push towards higher energies. However, as collision energies increase, the rates for events containing potential evidence for such new physics decreases as a fraction of the total, making it important at high energies to also have very high interaction rates. Also, as energies increase, the numbers of particles produced per collision increase and the mean energies of the produced particles of interest increase. The latter means that charged particles become harder to bend in the detector magnetic field and so better spatial precision (hence smaller sense elements) is needed leading to the need for much greater granularity (number of pixels per unit area). At higher energies, particle showers tend to also be much more collimated, making track separation also harder without many more read-out cells per unit area. Finally, at hadron colliders, high rates require many collisions per beam crossing so the interesting interactions are typically buried in 200 uninteresting ones produced at the same time. Unpicking the tracks from the interesting collision also requires very precise measurements. Finally, billions of collisions per second lead to radiation levels over years of operation that go way beyond the capabilities of normal electronics requiring specialist designs to work after the expected doses.Particle physics sensors are not able to exploit the development of ultra-cheap mega-pixel cameras in many commercial devices because these neither have the speed or radiation hardness needed but they easily meet the requirements in terms of granularity. Therefore, if fast, radiation-hard versions could be designed, these would be a game-changer in terms of sensor affordability. Recent work has shown that there are commercial CMOS technologies available that can support radiation-hard designs and this proposal seeks to exploit these to demonstrate devices that could allow very large areas of experiments to be equipped with such detectors affordably. Aspects of the design that makes the sensors radiation hard also make them faster which is an added advantage for these applications. Nevertheless, proving small sensors with the required properties is a first step towards final arrays requiring thousands of square metres of sensors and much development time is needed before a very large array could be envisaged. Therefore, even though the possible applications are quite a long way off, the amount of time to develop new technologies to the required maturity to be exploited in such large arrays means that this R&D is very timely. The UK has a lead in a number of the technology aspects for this but there are many other groups internationally pursuing the same goals and so this proposal is also important if current leadership, much of it developed through work for ATLAS and CMS upgrades and for the International Linear Colldier, is not to be lost.

随着粒子物理学的进步，对探测器技术的需求总是朝着精细分割、更快读出和更高辐射耐受性的方向发展；一切都以更低的成本。为了找到质量太大而无法被看到的粒子，粒子对撞机必须不断地推向更高的能量。然而，随着碰撞能量的增加，包含此类新物理的潜在证据的事件发生率在总数中所占的比例会下降，因此在高能量下具有非常高的相互作用率非常重要。此外，随着能量的增加，每次碰撞产生的粒子数量也会增加，并且所产生的感兴趣粒子的平均能量也会增加。后者意味着带电粒子在探测器磁场中变得更难弯曲，因此需要更好的空间精度（因此更小的传感元件），从而需要更大的粒度（每单位面积的像素数）。在更高的能量下，粒子簇射往往也更加准直，如果单位面积上没有更多的读出单元，则轨道分离也变得更加困难。最后，在强子对撞机中，高速率要求每个光束交叉发生多次碰撞，因此有趣的相互作用通常被同时产生的 200 个无趣的相互作用所掩盖。从有趣的碰撞中解开轨迹也需要非常精确的测量。最后，每秒数十亿次的碰撞导致多年运行后的辐射水平远远超出了普通电子设备的能力，需要专业设计才能在预期剂量后工作。粒子物理传感器无法利用超廉价兆瓦级技术的发展。许多商业设备中都使用了像素相机，因为它们既没有所需的速度或辐射硬度，但它们很容易满足粒度方面的要求。因此，如果能够设计出快速、抗辐射的版本，那么这将在传感器的承受能力方面改变游戏规则。最近的工作表明，有商业 CMOS 技术可以支持抗辐射设计，本提案旨在利用这些技术来演示设备，这些设备可以允许非常大面积的实验以经济实惠的方式配备此类探测器。使传感器抗辐射的设计方面也使其速度更快，这对于这些应用来说是一个额外的优势。然而，证明小型传感器具有所需的特性是实现需要数千平方米传感器的最终阵列的第一步，并且在设想非常大的阵列之前需要大量的开发时间。因此，尽管距离可能的应用还有很长的路要走，但将新技术开发到在如此大的阵列中使用所需的成熟度所需的时间意味着这项研发是非常及时的。英国在这方面的许多技术方面处于领先地位，但国际上还有许多其他团体追求相同的目标，因此如果当前的领导地位（其中大部分是通过 ATLAS 和 CMS 升级以及为国际直线煤机，不容丢失。

项目成果

期刊论文数量（10）

专著数量（0）

科研奖励数量（0）

会议论文数量（0）

专利数量（0）

FCC-hh: The Hadron Collider

FCC-hh：强子对撞机

DOI：
10.1140/epjst/e2019-900087-0
发表时间：
2019-06-01
期刊：
The European Physical Journal Special Topics
影响因子：
0
作者：
A. Abada;M. Abbrescia;Shehu S. Abdussalam;I. Abdyukhanov;J. Fern;ez;ez;A. Abramov;M. Aburaia;A. O.
通讯作者：
A. O.

A reconfigurable CMOS sensor for tracking, pre-shower and digital electromagnetic calorimetry

用于跟踪、预喷淋和数字电磁量热法的可重新配置 CMOS 传感器