New Horizons in Quantum Field Theory, Particle Physics and String Phenomenology

量子场论、粒子物理学和弦现象学的新视野

• 批准号: ST/T000988/1
• 负责人: Thomas Teubner
• 金额: $ 90.88万
• 依托单位: University of Liverpool
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2020 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=ST%2FT000988%2F1
• 关键词: New; Horizons; Quantum; Field; Theory; New; Horizons; Quantum; Field; Theory

Theoretical investigations of the Standard Model have underpinned experimental discoveries and have been instrumental in shaping our current knowledge of the nature of matter and its interactions. At a time when the standard model (SM) has finally been completed by the discovery of the Higgs boson, deep and profound mysteries remain in our understanding of the Universe. The existence of dark matter necessitates new physics beyond the SM, and crucial issues concerning dark energy and the unification of gravity with the other forces remain unaddressed. Meanwhile, the mathematical structures that underlie quantum field theory are far from fully explored; and there are important open questions about the dynamics of matter within the SM, especially in extreme environments.The Theoretical Physics group in Liverpool is contributing to searches for New Physics from three complementary directions. (i) We carry out perturbative calculations within the standard model to an unprecedented precision. This is essential if deviations of observables from their SM predictions, occurring due to new physics, are to be detected in accelerator experiments. Concurrently, we are using our theoretical expertise to explore promising extensions of the Standard Model and to inform the development of experiments that are well placed to discover new physics. (ii) These efforts are complemented by large scale computer based calculations. This non-perturbative approach is essential for unlocking certain inputs for standard model theory predictions, which are beyond the reach of perturbation theory. The current lack of precision in these inputs limits the usefulness of experimental observations. Our simulations are state-of-the-art and are now including electro-magnetic corrections (QED) to the theory of strong interactions QCD. (iii) We determine the fingerprints that Beyond the Standard Model (BSM) physics could produce in experimental data and observations. Such work includes the use of astrophysical and cosmological data, e.g. from dark energy surveys and gravitational waves, and it leads to constraints that complement laboratory based searches. This is accompanied by rigorous studies in string theory. In addition to progressing towards an understanding of quantum gravity, our work in this direction informs and inspires BSM model building.We also explore terra incognita within the Standard Model itself: we will study the phases of strongly interacting matter in particular at finite densities, and we will embark on the study of real-time dynamics in quantum field theory using first principle computer simulations. A key challenge is to understand how quarks and gluons form hadrons, the basic building blocks of matter. The standard explanation for forming hadrons out of a heavy ion collision fireball invokes a local thermal equilibrium, which might or might not be justified. A distinctive alternative to explain observations is a genuine quantum effect called entanglement, which we will endeavour to explore.

标准模型的理论研究基于实验发现的基础，并在塑造我们当前对物质性质及其相互作用的知识方面发挥了作用。在发现希格斯玻色子（Higgs Boson）最终完成标准模型（SM）的时候，我们对宇宙的理解仍然存在着深刻而深刻的奥秘。暗物质的存在需要超出SM的新物理，并且有关暗能量以及重力与其他力量的统一的关键问题仍然没有解决。同时，基于量子场理论的数学结构远非充分探索。关于SM内物质的动态，尤其是在极端环境中，存在重要的开放问题。利物浦的理论物理组正在从三个互补方向搜索新物理学。 （i）我们在标准模型中执行扰动计算，以实现前所未有的精度。如果可观察到的SM预测的偏差应在加速器实验中检测到，这是必不可少的。同时，我们正在利用理论专业知识来探索标准模型的有希望的扩展，并为发现新物理学的实验开发提供了信息。 （ii）基于大规模计算机的计算，这些努力得到了补充。这种非扰动方法对于解锁标准模型理论预测的某些投入至关重要，这是扰动理论的范围。这些输入中目前缺乏精度限制了实验观察的有用性。我们的模拟是最先进的，现在将电磁校正（QED）包括在QCD的强相互作用理论中。 （iii）我们确定了超出标准模型（BSM）物理学可以在实验数据和观察结果中产生的指纹。这样的工作包括使用天体物理和宇宙学数据，例如从黑暗能源调查和引力波，这导致了与基于实验室的搜索相辅相成的限制。这伴随着弦理论中的严格研究。除了迈向对量子重力的理解外，我们朝这个方向的工作还为BSM模型构建提供了信息，我们还探索了标准模型本身中的Terra Incognita：我们将在有限的密度下研究强烈相互作用的物质的阶段，我们将启动使用首先使用初级计算机模拟的量子现场理论研究实时动力学的研究。一个关键的挑战是了解夸克和咕gl子形成黑龙，这是物质的基本基础。用重离子碰撞火球形成Hadron的标准说明引起了当地的热平衡，这可能是或可能是不合理的。解释观察结果的独特替代方法是一种真正的量子效应，称为“纠缠”，我们将努力探索。