The physics controlling radiation belt dynamics

控制辐射带动力学的物理

• 批准号: ST/L000563/1
• 负责人: Jonathan Rae
• 金额: $ 25.59万
• 依托单位: University College London
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2014 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=ST%2FL000563%2F1
• 关键词: physics; controlling; radiation; belt; dynamics

This research will investigate the physical processes governing 'Space Weather' effects within the regions of near-Earth space known as the inner and outer radiation belts. Times when the energetic particle content of the Earth's radiation belts becomes dramatically enhanced are of great 'Space Weather' interest. The adverse consequences of radiation belt enhancements for both satellite infrastructure operating within the radiation belts and to ground-based systems which magnetically map to these regions can have a significant socio-economic impact. The UK National Risk Register for Civil Emergencies has classified Space Weather as a new risk with relatively high chance of occurrence and high impact on UK society. According to senior science advisors to the UK Prime Minister and the US President, the potential cost of an extreme Space Weather event is estimated as $2 Trillion in the following year, in the U.S. alone, with a projected need for a 4-10 year recovery period. Moreover, particles escaping from the radiation belts during these disturbed periods are also predicted to have some impact on atmospheric chemistry and as a result global temperature by altering Nitrogen Oxide levels in the upper atmosphere. Thus research into physical processes governing Space Weather effects in general and the dynamics of the Earth's inner and outer radiation belts in particular is required to not only learn how to mitigate the socio-economic impact of these disturbances but also to more fully understand global climate change.During disturbed Space Weather events the radiation belts may become energised, depleted or completely disappear, and sometimes simply move toward or away from the Earth. In fact, observations demonstrate that during certain events a third belt can form. These abrupt and dramatic changes are thought to be the result of electromagnetic waves trapping particles in the radiation belts, transporting particles through the belts, and scattering particles into the Earth's atmosphere. At present, none of these processes are fully understood, and the links and interactions between the various drivers of these processes need to be better quantified in order to move our understanding of the dynamics of the radiation belts forward. The ultimate goal of this research is thus to determine the types of electromagnetic waves which control particle dynamics in the radiation belts and to discover the conditions under which these interactions lead to the energisation, depletion, and/or movement of the belts. This research will allow the development predictive physics-based models which can forecast the state of the radiation belts in order to help develop strategies to mitigate the effects of space weather on modern society.

这项研究将调查控制近地空间区域（称为内辐射带和外辐射带）“空间天气”效应的物理过程。地球辐射带的高能粒子含量急剧增加的时期引起了“空间天气”的极大兴趣。辐射带增强对辐射带内运行的卫星基础设施和通过磁力映射到这些区域的地面系统的不利影响可能会产生重大的社会经济影响。英国国家民事紧急情况风险登记册将空间天气列为发生几率较高、对英国社会影响较大的新风险。据英国首相和美国总统的高级科学顾问称，仅在美国，明年极端空间天气事件的潜在成本估计就达 2 万亿美元，预计需要 4 至 10 年的时间恢复时期。此外，预计在这些干扰期间从辐射带逃逸的颗粒也会对大气化学产生一些影响，从而通过改变高层大气中的氮氧化物水平来影响全球温度。因此，需要对控制空间天气影响的物理过程，特别是地球内部和外部辐射带的动态进行研究，不仅要了解如何减轻这些干扰的社会经济影响，还要更全面地了解全球气候变化在受到干扰的太空天气事件期间，辐射带可能会变得活跃、耗尽或完全消失，有时只是靠近或远离地球。事实上，观察表明，在某些事件期间，可以形成第三条带。这些突然而剧烈的变化被认为是电磁波将粒子捕获在辐射带中、通过辐射带传输粒子以及将粒子散射到地球大气中的结果。目前，这些过程都还没有被完全理解，并且需要更好地量化这些过程的各种驱动因素之间的联系和相互作用，以便推动我们对辐射带动力学的理解。因此，这项研究的最终目标是确定控制辐射带中粒子动力学的电磁波类型，并发现这些相互作用导致带的激励、耗尽和/或运动的条件。这项研究将允许开发基于物理的预测模型，该模型可以预测辐射带的状态，以帮助制定减轻空间天气对现代社会影响的策略。

项目成果

Reply to 'The dynamics of Van Allen belts revisited'

回复“重新审视范艾伦皮带的动态”

• DOI: http://dx.10.1038/nphys4351
• 发表时间: 2018
• 期刊: Nature Physics
• 影响因子: 19.6
• 作者: Mann I

Inner Magnetospheric ULF Waves: The Occurrence and Distribution of Broadband and Discrete Wave Activity

磁层内超低频波：宽带和离散波活动的发生和分布

• DOI: 10.1029/2020ja027887
• 发表时间: 2020-08-10
• 期刊: Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics
• 作者: K. Murphy;A. Inglis;D. Sibeck;C. Watt;I. J. Rae
• 通讯作者: I. J. Rae

Ion distributions in the Earth's foreshock: Hybrid-Vlasov simulation and THEMIS observations

地球前震中的离子分布：Hybrid-Vlasov 模拟和 THEMIS 观测

• DOI: http://dx.10.1002/2014ja020519
• 发表时间: 2015
• 期刊: Space Physics
• 作者: Kempf Y

A new technique for determining Substorm Onsets and Phases from Indices of the Electrojet (SOPHIE)

根据电喷射指数确定亚暴爆发和阶段的新技术 (SOPHIE)

• DOI: http://dx.10.48550/arxiv.1606.02651
• 发表时间: 2016
• 作者: Forsyth C

Statistical characterization of the growth and spatial scales of the substorm onset arc.

亚暴爆发弧的增长和空间尺度的统计特征。

• DOI: http://dx.10.1002/2015ja021470
• 发表时间: 2015
• 期刊: Journal of geophysical research. Space physics
• 作者: Kalmoni NM