EDUCATION OF AMERICAN YOUTH: A COHORT-BASED PERSPECTIVE

美国青少年的教育：基于群体的视角

• 批准号: 6260437
• 负责人: DAVID E. CARD
• 金额: $ 34.75万
• 依托单位: NATIONAL BUREAU OF ECONOMIC RESEARCH
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2001
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2001-06-18 至 2004-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6260437
• 关键词: British Isles; Canada; Germany; United States; adolescence (12-20); behavioral /social science research tag; cost effectiveness; education; education cost /financing; educationally disadvantaged; employee; employment /unemployment; epidemiology; family structure /dynamics; generation difference; human data; human population dynamics; income; military personnel; organized financing; racial /ethnic difference; secondary schools; socioeconomics; training level; university; young adult human (21-34)

Over most of the 20th century successive generations of young men and women had steadily rising levels of education. This trend halted abruptly for cohorts born after 1950. The goal of this research project is to understand the reasons for the failure of baby-boom cohorts to maintain the trend set by previous generations, and to analyze the labor market implications of the slowdown in educational attainment. Census and Current Population Survey data sets win be used to document trends in education across cohorts, and evaluate alternative explanations for the post-1950 slowdown. Potential explanations include changes in the economic return to higher education, shifts in the demographic and family background characteristics of children, changes in the accessibility and cost of different forms of higher education, shifts in cohort size that influence the quality and availability of higher education, and changes in military service requirements and veteran education programs. Alternative explanations will be evaluated by comparing changes over time within different states, and also by comparing trends in the U.S. to trends in Canada, the U.K., and Germany, where demographic trends and labor market conditions have been somewhat different. The implications of a shift in the inter-cohort trend in education will be analyzed using models for the demand side of the labor market that explicitly recognize imperfect substitutability between workers of a given education level but different ages. Relative wages of college versus high school workers will be related to age-group specific and economy-wide relative supplies of highly educated labor. The models will be fit to U.S. data, and to data for Canada, the U.K., and Germany, to explore the role of relative supply changes in the observed widening of wage differentials.

在 20 世纪的大部分时间里，一代又一代的年轻人 妇女的教育水平稳步提高。这一趋势突然停止 针对 1950 年后出生的人群。该研究项目的目标是了解 婴儿潮一代未能维持这一趋势的原因 前几代人，并分析劳动力市场的影响 受教育程度放缓。人口普查和当前人口调查数据 集合赢得用于记录跨群体的教育趋势，并评估 1950 年后经济放缓的其他解释。可能的解释 包括高等教育经济回报的变化、 儿童的人口和家庭背景特征、变化 不同形式高等教育的可及性和成本、群体变化 影响高等教育质量和可用性的规模，以及 兵役要求和退伍军人教育计划的变化。 将通过比较随时间的变化来评估替代解释 不同州内的趋势，以及将美国的趋势与美国的趋势进行比较 加拿大、英国和德国的人口趋势和劳动力市场 条件有所不同。转变的影响 将使用需求模型来分析教育的群体间趋势 劳动力市场明确承认不完全替代性的一方 具有特定教育水平但不同年龄的工人之间的关系。相对工资 大学与高中工作者的比例将与年龄组的具体情况和 整个经济范围内受过高等教育的劳动力的相对供给。模型将适合 查阅美国数据以及加拿大、英国和德国的数据，以探索 相对供给变化在观察到的工资差异扩大中的作用。