The physics controlling radiation belt dynamics

控制辐射带动力学的物理

• 批准号: ST/L000563/1
• 负责人: Jonathan Rae
• 金额: $ 25.59万
• 依托单位: University College London
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2014 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=ST%2FL000563%2F1
• 关键词: physics; controlling; radiation; belt; dynamics; physics; controlling; radiation; belt; dynamics

This research will investigate the physical processes governing 'Space Weather' effects within the regions of near-Earth space known as the inner and outer radiation belts. Times when the energetic particle content of the Earth's radiation belts becomes dramatically enhanced are of great 'Space Weather' interest. The adverse consequences of radiation belt enhancements for both satellite infrastructure operating within the radiation belts and to ground-based systems which magnetically map to these regions can have a significant socio-economic impact. The UK National Risk Register for Civil Emergencies has classified Space Weather as a new risk with relatively high chance of occurrence and high impact on UK society. According to senior science advisors to the UK Prime Minister and the US President, the potential cost of an extreme Space Weather event is estimated as $2 Trillion in the following year, in the U.S. alone, with a projected need for a 4-10 year recovery period. Moreover, particles escaping from the radiation belts during these disturbed periods are also predicted to have some impact on atmospheric chemistry and as a result global temperature by altering Nitrogen Oxide levels in the upper atmosphere. Thus research into physical processes governing Space Weather effects in general and the dynamics of the Earth's inner and outer radiation belts in particular is required to not only learn how to mitigate the socio-economic impact of these disturbances but also to more fully understand global climate change.During disturbed Space Weather events the radiation belts may become energised, depleted or completely disappear, and sometimes simply move toward or away from the Earth. In fact, observations demonstrate that during certain events a third belt can form. These abrupt and dramatic changes are thought to be the result of electromagnetic waves trapping particles in the radiation belts, transporting particles through the belts, and scattering particles into the Earth's atmosphere. At present, none of these processes are fully understood, and the links and interactions between the various drivers of these processes need to be better quantified in order to move our understanding of the dynamics of the radiation belts forward. The ultimate goal of this research is thus to determine the types of electromagnetic waves which control particle dynamics in the radiation belts and to discover the conditions under which these interactions lead to the energisation, depletion, and/or movement of the belts. This research will allow the development predictive physics-based models which can forecast the state of the radiation belts in order to help develop strategies to mitigate the effects of space weather on modern society.

这项研究将研究近地被称为内部和外辐射带区域内管理“太空天气”效应的物理过程。当地球辐射带的能量颗粒含量大大增强时，它具有极大的“空间天气”兴趣。在辐射带内运行的两种卫星基础设施和地面系统的辐射带的不利后果，这些基础设施磁性地映射到这些区域都可以产生重大的社会经济影响。英国国家紧急情况的国家风险登记册将太空天气归为一种新的风险，其发生的可能性相对较高，对英国社会的影响很大。根据英国总理和美国总统的高级科学顾问的说法，仅在美国，极端太空天气事件的潜在成本估计为2万亿美元，仅在美国，预计需要4 - 10年的恢复期。此外，在这些干扰时期，从辐射带逸出的颗粒也被预计会对大气化学产生一定的影响，从而通过改变上层大气中的氮氧化物水平来改变全球温度。因此，需要研究对空间天气影响的物理过程的研究，尤其需要地球内部和外部辐射带的动态，不仅需要学习如何减轻这些干扰的社会经济影响，而且还需要更充分地理解全球气候变化。在全球的气候变化中，散布辐射带可能会变得精力充沛，消失或朝着地球移动，而且朝着地球上的移动或移动。实际上，观察结果表明，在某些事件中，第三个皮带会形成。这些突然和戏剧性的变化被认为是电磁波捕获辐射带中颗粒，通过皮带传输颗粒并将颗粒散射到地球大气中的结果。目前，这些过程均未完全理解，这些过程的各个驱动因素之间的联系和相互作用需要更好地量化，以便将我们对辐射带的动力学的理解发展。因此，这项研究的最终目标是确定控制辐射带中粒子动力学的类型，并发现这些相互作用导致皮带的能量，耗尽和/或运动的条件。这项研究将允许基于预测的物理模型，这些模型可以预测辐射带的状态，以帮助制定策略来减轻太空天气对现代社会的影响。