Mobile Observations and quantification of Methane Emissions to inform National Targeting, Upscaling and Mitigation (MOMENTUM)

甲烷排放的移动观测和量化，为国家目标确定、升级和缓解提供信息 (MOMENTUM)

基本信息

批准号：
NE/X014649/1
负责人：
David Lowry
金额：
$ 105.4万
依托单位：
Royal Holloway University of London
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2023
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2023 至无数据
项目状态：
未结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FX014649%2F1
关键词：
Mobile Observations quantification Methane Emissions

项目摘要

Consecutive record-breaking atmospheric CH4 growth rates of 15 and 17 ppb in 2020 and 2021 respectively, have increased the challenge of meeting the Paris Agreement and the Global Methane Pledge. The 2021 UN Global Methane Assessment report highlighted the need for large cuts in methane emissions this decade to slow global temperature rise. Recommendations for remediation targets are urgently required. The UN suggest that within the main source categories the following reductions are possible: 61% from fossil fuel production, distribution and use, 48% from waste processing and waste-to-energy generation, 22% from agriculture.The UK inventory suggests that CH4 anthropogenic emissions have decreased significantly since 1990, but have remained static for the last 4 years. Our recent mobile measurement campaigns have highlighted potential for further reduction in emissions, particularly in gas distribution infrastructure. Mobile studies are also well-placed to identify so-called super-emitters. Rapid identification and prioritisation for repair or replacement can thus significantly and quickly impact total national emissions, as nations continue to transition to less carbon intensive activities. The UK aims to meet its 2050 net zero targets with the development of 'green' or 'blue' energy, e.g. waste-to-energy or hydrogen production. An improved quantification of CH4 emissions from these emergent sectors is essential, but little is known about the lifecycle emissions of these sectors at present, making accurate Net Zero assessments impossible. We have already shown that CH4 measurements from biogas plants can be substantial and should be represented as point sources in the national inventory. Modelling of the UK and Ireland network of continuous methane measurement sites has allowed validation of the total UK emission from the inventory. What it does not do is validate emissions from individual source sectors or pinpoint emissions. Given these knowledge gaps how do we ensure the accuracy of the UK's methane inventory in order to prioritise mitigation strategy and Net Zero policy? MOMENTUM aims to develop mobile measurement solutions to do this. It is essential to validate source sector emissions to provide further targets for methane reduction. This requires methodology for wide spatial coverage, but at measurement heights where emissions from individual source categories can be resolved in the complex environments of the UK, rather than from satellites or aircraft. We will develop individual CH4 source category emission quantification solutions for academic and industry/regulatory end users, following a series of experimental field campaigns using vehicle and UAV platforms to calibrate measurements and validate methodologies.In summary the project will:a) Test multiple instrument responses to different meteorological, instrumental and logistical parameters during mobile measurement, applying these to a range of flux models for different controlled emission release rates and distance from source.b) Develop specific measurement and flux solutions for each source category from these results and data for co-emitted species (CO2, ammonia, ethane) and isotopes. c) Test the validity of these solutions at known energy infrastructure and agricultural sites, and in a complex source environment with multiple sources (landfill, agriculture, biogas plant, oil refinery and gas infrastructure).d) Use the validated methodology to survey a representative population of the main inventory emission categories (agriculture, waste, fossil fuel).e) Upscale the emissions to national level to identify discrepancies in the inventory, and provide knowledge to fill inventory gaps, particularly for emerging sources.f) Provide policy targets for emissions mitigation on the road to 'Net Zero' in collaboration with BEIS and other project partners.

2020 年和 2021 年大气中 CH4 增长率分别创纪录的 15 ppb 和 17 ppb，增加了实现《巴黎协定》和《全球甲烷承诺》的挑战。 2021 年联合国全球甲烷评估报告强调，需要在本十年大幅削减甲烷排放量，以减缓全球气温上升。迫切需要提出修复目标的建议。联合国建议，在主要来源类别中，以下减排是可能的：61% 来自化石燃料生产、分配和使用，48% 来自废物处理和废物能源发电，22% 来自农业。英国清单表明 CH4自1990年以来，人为排放量显着下降，但在过去四年中保持稳定。我们最近的移动测量活动凸显了进一步减少排放的潜力，特别是在天然气分配基础设施方面。移动研究也可以很好地识别所谓的超级排放者。因此，随着各国继续转向碳密集度较低的活动，快速识别维修或更换并确定优先顺序可以显着且快速地影响国家总排放量。英国的目标是通过发展“绿色”或“蓝色”能源（例如能源）来实现 2050 年净零排放目标。废物转化能源或制氢。改进对这些新兴部门的甲烷排放量的量化至关重要，但目前对这些部门的生命周期排放知之甚少，因此无法进行准确的净零评估。我们已经表明，沼气厂的 CH4 测量值可能很大，应在国家清单中表示为点源。英国和爱尔兰连续甲烷测量点网络的建模可以验证英国清单中的总排放量。它不做的是验证各个源部门的排放量或查明排放量。鉴于这些知识差距，我们如何确保英国甲烷清单的准确性，以便优先考虑缓解策略和净零政策？ MOMENTUM 旨在开发移动测量解决方案来实现这一目标。必须验证源部门的排放量，以提供进一步的甲烷减排目标。这需要广泛空间覆盖的方法，但在测量高度，可以在英国复杂的环境中解决来自各个源类别的排放，而不是来自卫星或飞机的排放。我们将为学术和工业/监管最终用户开发单独的 CH4 源类别排放量化解决方案，随后使用车辆和无人机平台进行一系列实验现场活动来校准测量和验证方法。总而言之，该项目将：a) 测试多种仪器响应b) 根据这些结果和数据为每个源类别制定具体的测量和通量解决方案-发射物种（CO2、氨、乙烷）和同位素。 c) 在已知的能源基础设施和农业场所以及具有多个来源（垃圾填埋场、农业、沼气厂、炼油厂和天然气基础设施）的复杂源环境中测试这些解决方案的有效性。 d) 使用经过验证的方法来调查代表性的主要清单排放类别（农业、废物、化石燃料）的人口。e) 将排放量扩大到国家层面，以查明清单中的差异，并提供知识来填补清单空白，特别是对于新兴来源。f) 提供政策目标减排之路与 BEIS 和其他项目合作伙伴合作的“净零”。