Maximising ecosystem services in urban environments (MEaSURE)

最大化城市环境中的生态系统服务（MEaSURE）

• 批准号: NE/W003120/1
• 负责人: David Johnson
• 金额: $ 171.46万
• 依托单位: University of Manchester
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2021 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FW003120%2F1
• 关键词: Maximising; ecosystem; services; urban; environments

Urban environments are home to the majority of people on the planet and so ensuring these systems provide healthy, productive and resilient environments is critical. Green infrastructure - which we define as a network of multi-functional green space and other green features - is a key component of urban systems and the main reservoirs of much urban biodiversity. But how do we manage green infrastructure to maximise the benefits these features bring to humans and wider ecosystem functioning? Here we focus on gaining a better predictive understanding of diversity associated with green infrastructure can be optimised to enhance ecosystem services.Biodiversity is widely recognised to be a key driver of multiple ecosystem functions (i.e. ecosystem multifunctionality), underpinning the provision of numerous ecosystem services for humanity, as well as undesirable disservices. Manipulation of biodiversity therefore has considerable potential to significantly improve how we construct and manage engineered and urban ecosystems. A major gap in knowledge hampering our ability to harness the benefits of biodiversity in urban areas is understanding how attributes particular to green infrastructure in urban environments affect biodiversity-ecosystem multifunctionality relationships. This knowledge is important for the design and management of urban green infrastructure to maximise ecosystem service provision in wider urban landscapes. Moreover, the mechanisms by which landscape form and biodiversity influence ecosystem services and mitigate against disservices operate at different scales, and we lack understanding of how these mechanisms operate and scale in urban landscapes. A further gap in knowledge is how the diversity of urban forms interact with the diversity of neighbouring peri-urban and rural forms to affect ecosystem services and disservices in urban landscapes. Here we address these gaps in knowledge to understand how biodiversity can be used to enhance ecosystem multifunctionality in urban landscapes at contrasting scales. We focus on ecosystem services of carbon capture, cycling and storage, urban cooling, and water holding capacity, and disservices of greenhouse gas emissions, pathogen prevalence, and tick-borne pathogens; these services and disservices are intrinsically linked to green infrastructure and there is an established mechanistic basis for a link to biodiversity. We will integrate knowledge of biodiversity-ecosystem multifunctionality relationships into a modelling framework that will be used to create a web-based planning tool to determine how planning scenarios affect urban ecosystem multifunctionality. Our findings will contribute to the development of enabling mechanisms, with a focus on urban land use and green infrastructure planning, to enhance the contribution made by local scale green infrastructure interventions to wider landscape scale processes and the resilience of urban ecosystems.

城市环境是地球上大多数人的家园，因此确保这些系统提供健康、高效和有弹性的环境至关重要。绿色基础设施——我们将其定义为多功能绿色空间和其他绿色特征的网络——是城市系统的关键组成部分，也是许多城市生物多样性的主要水库。但是，我们如何管理绿色基础设施，以最大限度地发挥这些功能给人类和更广泛的生态系统功能带来的好处？在这里，我们的重点是更好地预测性地了解与绿色基础设施相关的多样性，可以优化以增强生态系统服务。生物多样性被广泛认为是多种生态系统功能（即生态系统多功能性）的关键驱动因素，支撑着为人类提供众多生态系统服务。人性，以及不良的损害。因此，生物多样性的操纵具有巨大的潜力，可以显着改善我们构建和管理工程生态系统和城市生态系统的方式。阻碍我们利用城市地区生物多样性益处的能力的一个主要知识差距是了解城市环境中绿色基础设施特有的属性如何影响生物多样性-生态系统多功能关系。这些知识对于城市绿色基础设施的设计和管理非常重要，以最大限度地在更广泛的城市景观中提供生态系统服务。此外，景观形态和生物多样性影响生态系统服务和减轻损害的机制在不同的规模上运作，我们对这些机制如何在城市景观中运作和规模缺乏了解。进一步的知识差距是城市形态的多样性如何与邻近城郊和农村形态的多样性相互作用，从而影响城市景观中的生态系统服务和损害。在这里，我们解决这些知识差距，以了解如何利用生物多样性来增强不同规模的城市景观生态系统的多功能性。我们重点关注碳捕获、循环和储存、城市冷却和持水能力等生态系统服务，以及温室气体排放、病原体流行和蜱传病原体造成的损害；这些服务和损害与绿色基础设施有着内在的联系，并且与生物多样性的联系具有既定的机制基础。我们将把生物多样性-生态系统多功能性关系的知识整合到一个建模框架中，该框架将用于创建基于网络的规划工具，以确定规划方案如何影响城市生态系统多功能性。我们的研究结果将有助于制定扶持机制，重点关注城市土地利用和绿色基础设施规划，以增强地方规模绿色基础设施干预措施对更广泛的景观尺度过程和城市生态系统恢复能力的贡献。

项目成果

Borrelia bavariensis in Questing Ixodes ricinus Ticks, United Kingdom.

英国寻找蓖麻硬蜱中的巴伐利亚疏螺旋体。

• DOI: http://dx.10.3201/eid2910.230907
• 发表时间: 2023
• 期刊: Emerging infectious diseases
• 影响因子: 11.8
• 作者: Plahe G

Linking human tick bite risk with tick abundance in the environment: A novel approach to quantify tick bite risk using orienteers in Scotland.

将人类蜱虫叮咬风险与环境中蜱虫丰度联系起来：利用苏格兰定向者量化蜱虫叮咬风险的新方法。

• DOI: http://dx.10.1016/j.ttbdis.2022.102109
• 发表时间: 2023
• 期刊: Ticks and tick-borne diseases
• 作者: Ribeiro R

Borrelia bavariensis in Questing Ixodes ricinus Ticks, United Kingdom.

英国寻找蓖麻硬蜱中的巴伐利亚疏螺旋体。

• DOI: http://dx.10.3201/eid2910.230907
• 发表时间: 2023
• 期刊: Emerging infectious diseases
• 影响因子: 11.8
• 作者: Plahe G