Collider Physics at the LHC

大型强子对撞机物理学

• 批准号: ST/G004544/2
• 负责人: Christopher White
• 金额: $ 16.77万
• 依托单位: University of Glasgow
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Fellowship
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2010 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=ST%2FG004544%2F2
• 关键词: Collider; Physics; LHC

My research focuses predominantly on collider physics, namely what one expects to see inside a particle accelerator. Such experiments have been in use for many decades, and current machines (such as the forthcoming Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN, near Geneva) are probing higher energies than ever before. In order to understand what happens in these experiments, detailed calculations are necessary in order to determine how the various particles involved interact. In the LHC, protons are collided together to create a localised concentration of very high energy, out of which new particles emerge. One such particle is the so-called top quark, first discovered in 1995. This is the heaviest known particle in our current description of particle physics (known as the Standard Model), and many of its properties are still poorly understood. The calculation and measurement of its behaviour are important for two main reasons. Firstly, we would like to complete our understanding of its properties. Secondly, it is strongly believed that new physics exists beyond the current Standard Model, and that the LHC will be pivotal in uncovering this. There are strong motivations for believing that this new physics will affect the behaviour of the top quark. Thus, detailed calculation of its properties as presently understood, together with investigation of how various ideas for theories beyond the Standard Model have an impact on its interactions, are necessary tasks. I am heavily involved in these calculations, which ultimately take the form of large computer programs used by experimentalists. The output of the LHC is dominated by events which have lots of particles. These arrange themselves in collimated jets, and there can be many of these in each event. In principle the properties of these jets can be calculated using a theory called Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD), the part of the Standard Model that explains the behaviour of the quarks and gluons which collectively make up protons. However, it is extremely difficult to carry out these calculations exactly. I have been involved in the development of a new approximate method for calculating the properties of events containing many jets, which is fast to apply with present computing power. This technique has so far been applied to a process of high topical interest - the production of a Higgs boson, a particle thought to be responsible for the origin of mass. Being able to calculate the properties of how the Higgs is produced allows us to efficiently search for this particle, as well as measure its properties.

我的研究主要集中在对撞机物理学上，即人们期望在粒子加速器内看到的东西。此类实验已经使用了数十年了，目前的机器（例如，日内瓦附近的Cern即将出现的大型强子对撞机（LHC）比以往任何时候都更高。为了了解这些实验中发生的情况，为了确定所涉及的各种粒子如何相互作用，需要进行详细的计算。在LHC中，将质子碰撞在一起，以产生非常高能量的局部浓度，其中新颗粒出现了。这样的粒子是所谓的顶级夸克，最初于1995年首次发现。这是我们当前对粒子物理学（称为标准模型）的描述中最重的粒子，其许多特性仍然很熟悉。其行为的计算和测量很重要，原因有两个。首先，我们想完成对其属性的理解。其次，强烈认为新物理学的存在超出了当前的标准模型，而LHC将在发现这一点方面是关键的。相信这种新物理学会影响顶级夸克的行为。因此，详细计算其属性，如目前所理解的，以及对标准模型以外的各种理论如何影响其相互作用的研究是必要的任务。我参与了这些计算，这些计算最终采用了实验者使用的大型计算机程序的形式。 LHC的输出由具有很多颗粒的事件主导。这些将自己安排在准确的喷气机中，每个事件中都可能有很多。原则上，可以使用称为量子染色体动力学（QCD）的理论来计算这些喷气机的特性，这是标准模型的一部分，该模型解释了夸克和胶子的行为，这些夸克和胶子的行为共同构成了质子。但是，精确执行这些计算非常困难。我参与了一种开发一种新的近似方法，以计算包含许多喷气机的事件的属性，这很快就可以使用当前的计算能力应用。到目前为止，该技术已应用于高处兴趣的过程 - 希格斯玻色子的产生，这是一种被认为是质量起源的粒子。能够计算如何产生希格斯的属性，使我们能够有效地搜索该粒子，并测量其特性。

项目成果

The MCaNLO 4.0 Event Generator

MCaNLO 4.0 事件生成器

• 作者: Frixione Stefano

Infrared approach to Reggeization

红外方法进行调整

• DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.85.071104
• 发表时间: 2012
• 期刊: Physical Review D
• 影响因子: 5
• 作者: Del Duca V

The infrared structure of gauge theory amplitudes in the high-energy limit

高能极限规范理论振幅的红外结构

• DOI: 10.1007/jhep12(2011)021
• 发表时间: 2011
• 期刊: Journal of High Energy Physics
• 影响因子: 5.4
• 作者: Del Duca V

On next-to-eikonal exponentiation

关于次幂求幂

• DOI: 10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2010.09.003
• 发表时间: 2010
• 期刊: Nuclear Physics B - Proceedings Supplements
• 作者: Laenen E

Webs in multiparton scattering using the replica trick

使用复制技巧进行多部分散射的网

• DOI: 10.1007/jhep11(2010)155
• 发表时间: 2010
• 期刊: Journal of High Energy Physics
• 影响因子: 5.4
• 作者: Gardi E