Incorporating Statistical Analysis of the Extensive SAMPEX Dataset to Improve Space Weather Modelling

结合广泛的 SAMPEX 数据集的统计分析来改进空间天气模型

• 批准号: NE/T014164/1
• 负责人: Jonathan Rae
• 金额: $ 1.37万
• 依托单位: University College London
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2020 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FT014164%2F1
• 关键词: Incorporating; Statistical; Analysis; Extensive; SAMPEX

STFC: Samuel D. Walton: 2062533Near-Earth space holds two major surprises that scientists are yet to understand, one of which is the Van Allen Radiation Belts. As an astrophysical object, the Earth's magnetosphere would seem to be a rather small and insignificant item bathed by the wind that emanates from the Sun. However, this space contains an exotic zoo of high energy particles and electromagnetic waves that pose a significant hazard to space exploration. In the solar wind, the Earth's magnetic field is altered such that its bar magnet field becomes a bullet-shaped cavity that shields the Earth from the harmful output from the Sun. Only in specific circumstances can the solar wind penetrate this shield, and it is under these circumstances that the Earth's space environment becomes the most interesting and dynamic. The Earth's Radiation Belts were discovered by James Van Allen some 50 years ago quite by chance. These belts are doughnut-shaped regions of high-energy particle radiation trapped by Earth's magnetic field. These electrons are energised to significant fractions of the speed of light but as yet, scientists can offer no definitive explanation for how they are accelerated to such high energies. Since the discovery of the radiation belts, scientists have linked the acceleration and resultant loss of these electrons to the impact of large geomagnetic storms caused by explosive output from the Sun (such as Coronal Mass Ejections) on near-Earth space. However, no conclusive evidence has been put forward which can adequately explain this link. Understanding how these electrons are accelerated to very high energies (and then lost) is of critical importance to the exploitation of near-Earth space for human and technological gain. Most communication and military satellites must orbit through this harsh radiation environment. In fact, several satellite failures have been attributed to component failure during geomagnetic storms. It is essential, therefore, to monitor this "space weather" in order to protect the multi-billion pound space industry.This placement will be taken by Samuel Walton under the guidance of Professor Ian Mann, and will focus on the energetic electron dynamics in the Van Allen Radiation Belts from a long-lasting NASA spacecraft mission and, coupled with another NASA mission, be able to understand the dynamics of the radiation belts from the relative safety of low-earth orbit using novel techniques developed at the University of Alberta. The proposed project is therefore the natural culmination of methods and ideas developed separately in the UK and Canada, to advance our understanding of Van Allen radiation belt dynamics, improving current models and ultimately improving our ability to predict the behaviour.

STFC：Samuel D. Walton：2062533 近地空间拥有科学家尚未了解的两大惊喜，其中之一是范艾伦辐射带。作为一个天体物理物体，地球磁层似乎是一个相当小且微不足道的物体，沐浴在太阳发出的风中。然而，这个空间充满了高能粒子和电磁波的奇异动物园，对太空探索构成了重大危险。在太阳风中，地球的磁场发生改变，使其条形磁场变成一个子弹形的空腔，保护地球免受太阳有害输出的影响。只有在特定的情况下，太阳风才能穿透这个屏障，而正是在这种情况下，地球的太空环境才变得最有趣和充满活力。大约 50 年前，詹姆斯·范·艾伦 (James Van Allen) 偶然发现了地球的辐射带。这些带是被地球磁场捕获的高能粒子辐射的环形区域。这些电子被激发到光速的很大一部分，但到目前为止，科学家们还无法对它们如何加速到如此高的能量提供明确的解释。自从发现辐射带以来，科学家们将这些电子的加速和由此产生的损失与太阳爆炸性输出（例如日冕物质抛射）对近地空间造成的大型地磁风暴的影响联系起来。然而，尚未提出确凿的证据来充分解释这种联系。了解这些电子如何加速到非常高的能量（然后消失）对于开发近地空间以获取人类和技术收益至关重要。大多数通信和军事卫星必须在这种恶劣的辐射环境中运行。事实上，一些卫星故障是由于地磁风暴期间的部件故障造成的。因此，为了保护价值数十亿英镑的太空工业，监测这种“太空天气”至关重要。这个职位将由塞缪尔·沃尔顿（Samuel Walton）在伊恩·曼（Ian Mann）教授的指导下进行，并将重点关注太空中的高能电子动力学。美国宇航局长期航天器任务中的范艾伦辐射带，再加上美国宇航局的另一项任务，能够利用阿尔伯塔大学开发的新技术，从相对安全的近地轨道了解辐射带的动态。因此，拟议的项目是英国和加拿大分别开发的方法和想法的自然结晶，旨在增进我们对范艾伦辐射带动力学的理解，改进当前模型并最终提高我们预测行为的能力。

项目成果

Statistical Comparison of Electron Loss and Enhancement in the Outer Radiation Belt During Storms

风暴期间外辐射带电子损失与增强的统计比较

• DOI: 10.1029/2021ja030069
• 发表时间: 2022-04-21
• 期刊: Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics
• 作者: S. Walton;C. Forsyth;I. J. Rae;N. Meredith;J. S;hu;hu;M. Walach;K. Murphy
• 通讯作者: K. Murphy

Cross- Coherence of the Outer Radiation Belt During Storms and the Role of the Plasmapause

风暴期间外辐射带的交叉相干性和等离子层顶的作用

• DOI: http://dx.10.1029/2021ja029308
• 发表时间: 2021
• 期刊: Space Physics
• 作者: Walton S

The Response of Electron Pitch Angle Distributions to the Upper Limit on Stably Trapped Particles

电子螺距角分布对稳定捕获粒子上限的响应

• DOI: http://dx.10.1029/2023ja031988
• 发表时间: 2023
• 期刊: Space Physics
• 作者: Walton S