GeoStationary Fire data for Developing Countries

发展中国家的地球静止火灾数据

基本信息

批准号：
NE/S014004/1
负责人：
Martin Wooster
金额：
$ 14.27万
依托单位：
King's College London
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2019
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2019 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FS014004%2F1
关键词：
GeoStationary Fire data Developing Countries

项目摘要

Developing countries are the site of most landscape burning worldwide. They burn the most peatland and forest, have the highest deforestation and net fire-related greenhouse gas emissions, squander economic opportunity by burning agricultural residues, have infrastructure such as power lines and resources such as forest plantations and protected areas at risk from fire, and experience the most recurrent and worst air pollution events associated with landscape burning. Atmospheric impacts spread far beyond national borders, making this a regional problem through the spread of pollution, and a global problem through impacts on climate from carbon emissions. Billions of dollars have been spent on the ground- and space-based infrastructure necessary to provide real-time, continuous remote sensing observations that support meteorological forecasts worldwide. Our Project will harness this infrastructure in order to benefit developing country users who, because of the above issues, require accurate, actionable, and extremely up-to-date information on the location and characteristics of wildfires in their area of interest, and on the smoke that these fires are releasing into the atmosphere.Our project will make available real-time, accurate and actionable information on landscape fires and fire emissions through a combination of work by the UK team and our overseas partners. This new information will cover dozens of DAC-list countries in the tropics and sub-tropics that experience significant challenges from landscape burning, and so the benefits will be regional throughout the tropics and sub-tropics, rather than to only a few nations. We will use a source of new continuous and real-time (10 to 15 minute update frequency) meteorological satellite data to provide this real-time intelligence on wildfire state, exploiting algorithms developed under NERC funded research and working with Partners (IPMA, Portugal and UNAM, Mexico) who will implement these algorithms in their own satellite data processing chains to provide 24-hr guaranteed (99%) information availability on landscape fires. The resulting real-time wildfire information will be made available to users in all developing nations through the already extremely widely used Advanced Fire Information System (AFIS) run by our Partner CSIR, South Africa, who have tens of thousands of users already and as a result of this new pan-tropical information will greatly extend their reach throughout the tropics since this highest temporal resolution data is currently only available at the highest quality over North and West Africa. Our project will also provide the information required to turn the real-time fire information into real-time estimates of fire emissions - particularly focusing on health-impacting particulate matter and total carbon emissions, which will benefit developing country users who are focused on health-impacting particulate and GHG emissions assessments and the national programmes aimed at their reduction. Overall our project will provide a real step-change in actionable fire information available in the developing countries of South and Southeast Asia, Southern and East Africa, Mexico, Central and South America. Institutions and individuals in these regions will be able to identify fires burning close to power lines and/or other important critical infrastructure in order to take action (e.g. temporarily turn off the power line letting the fire pass underneath without problems), that have started within or close to forest reserves, plantations or protected areas (with the potential to dispatch fire response crews in a far more timely manner than currently), and which are impacting health and national GHG emissions (with information now available to better quantify these, ultimately in support at efforts to reduce them and thus gain through health improvements and/or REDD+ schemes. Keywords: Wildfires, smoke, satellites, infrastructure and area protection.

发展中国家是全球景观燃烧最多的地区。它们燃烧的泥炭地和森林最多，森林砍伐和与火灾相关的温室气体排放量最高，通过燃烧农业残留物浪费了经济机会，拥有电力线路等基础设施和人工林和保护区等资源，面临火灾风险，并且经历与景观燃烧相关的最频繁和最严重的空气污染事件。大气影响远远超出国界，通过污染的扩散使其成为一个区域性问题，通过碳排放对气候的影响而成为一个全球性问题。数十亿美元已投入到地面和天基基础设施上，以提供实时、连续的遥感观测，支持全球气象预报。我们的项目将利用这一基础设施，使发展中国家用户受益，由于上述问题，他们需要有关其感兴趣地区野火的位置和特征的准确、可操作和极其最新的信息，以及有关这些火灾释放到大气中的烟雾。我们的项目将通过英国团队和海外合作伙伴的共同努力，提供有关景观火灾和火灾排放的实时、准确和可操作的信息。这些新信息将涵盖热带和亚热带地区数十个 DAC 名单上的国家，这些国家经历了景观燃烧带来的重大挑战，因此受益将是整个热带和亚热带地区的区域性，而不仅仅是少数国家。我们将使用新的连续实时（10 至 15 分钟更新频率）气象卫星数据源来提供有关野火状态的实时情报，利用 NERC 资助的研究开发的算法并与合作伙伴（IPMA、葡萄牙和墨西哥国立自治大学）将在自己的卫星数据处理链中实施这些算法，以提供 24 小时保证（99%）的景观火灾信息可用性。由此产生的实时野火信息将通过我们的合作伙伴南非CSIR运营的已经得到极其广泛使用的高级火灾信息系统（AFIS）提供给所有发展中国家的用户，该系统已经拥有数万名用户，并且作为这一新的泛热带信息的结果将大大扩展其覆盖整个热带地区，因为这种最高时间分辨率的数据目前只能在北非和西非以最高质量获得。我们的项目还将提供将实时火灾信息转化为火灾排放实时估算所需的信息，特别关注影响健康的颗粒物和总碳排放量，这将使关注健康的发展中国家用户受益。影响颗粒物和温室气体排放评估以及旨在减少排放的国家计划。总体而言，我们的项目将为南亚和东南亚、南部非洲和东非、墨西哥、中美洲和南美洲的发展中国家提供切实可行的火灾信息。这些地区的机构和个人将能够识别在电线和/或其他重要基础设施附近燃烧的火灾，以便采取行动（例如，暂时关闭电线，让火灾顺利地从下面蔓延），这些火灾已经在或靠近森林保护区、种植园或保护区（有可能比目前更及时地派遣消防响应人员），并且正在影响健康和国家温室气体排放（现在有信息可以更好地量化这些排放，最终在支持减少这些问题的努力从而通过健康改善和/或 REDD+ 计划获益关键词：野火、烟雾、卫星、基础设施和区域保护。