A framework for the sustainable development of marine mineral resources in the Philippines

菲律宾海洋矿产资源可持续开发框架

• 批准号: NE/W000474/1
• 负责人: Ian Selby
• 金额: $ 5.98万
• 依托单位: Plymouth University
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2021 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FW000474%2F1
• 关键词: framework; sustainable; development; marine; mineral

Marine minerals - defined as minerals occurring on, or immediately below, the sea bed are now commonly extracted from continental shelf waters and are currently being explored in the oceans down to depths of several thousand metres. The quality, accessibility, volumes and proximity to market of marine minerals form core components of the attractiveness of marine resources. As pressures on land-based resources continue to grow, future demand for marine minerals is set to diversify, escalate and extend farther out into the deep ocean. The growth in the use of marine minerals is a result of their attractiveness to developers, national resource managers and regulators. It is arguable that there are advantages to extracting minerals from the continental shelf when compared to traditional terrestrial resource development. The first 'large-scale offshore extraction project in the Philippines was announced to commence operations in January 2021. Stakeholders/members of society have expressed strong concerns about the potential impact of the mining operations on ecological systems and linked livelihoods. The offshore mining project plans to mine (dredge) over three million metric tons per year of magnetite (iron ore). The government's objective is that the mineral will be a source of raw material for the country's integrated ironmaking and steelmaking facility in the near future. Offshore mining activities in the Philippines are expected to increase in the next several years, as the country holds rights to significant offshore mineral resources within its EEZ offshore area of 2.2 million square kilometers. Offshore the Philippines there are mineral resources that are potential ores of gold, silver, platinum, palladium, chromite, iron, manganese, cobalt, copper and aggregates. The titano-vanadium-magnetite resources alone, acceptably considered ores or iron, are estimated to be approximately one billion tons of raw mineral material. Given this backdrop, this proposal is timely in directly addressing programme objectives to fund new research that generates a whole system view of sustainable mineral production in the Philippines. Extracting resources from the seabed are known to impact seabed habitats, the adjacent water column (for example plumes) which affect the provision and flows of ecosystem services (benefits to humans). These include (and are not limited to) the permanent and irreversible loss of ecologically important habitats which provide contribution to food supply (e.g. nursery habitats for juvenile commercial fish); smothering and sediment plumes and pollution. In addition, extraction activities in some parts of the world, have been known to support some economic activity but also impact disproportionally and negatively on vulnerable and marginalized communities. It is therefore imperative that all offshore resource extraction activities are assured to be environmentally, socially, technically, legally, and economically sustainable.The proposed UK-Philippines collaborative research project "A framework for the Sustainable Development of Marine Mineral Resources in the Philippines" will promote socio-economic development and personal and community welfare through constructive sharing of experience and expertise and innovation in managing offshore mineral resources - including mineral exploration, resource assessment and management, governance, policymaking, regulation and planning, use of innovative technologies from exploration to monitoring, and researching environmental impact assessments, environmental risks, mitigation and monitoring performance. The project will research, share and develop knowledge, experience, technologies and best practices from exploration, resource management, regulation, environmental impact assessments, permitting and extraction across all marine mineral resource activities.

海上矿物质的海洋矿物质通常是从大陆架水域中提取的，或者在紧接着的海床下方，目前正在海洋中探索，直至几千米的深度。海洋矿物市场的质量，可及性，量和邻近性构成了海洋资源吸引力的核心组成部分。随着对土地资源的压力的不断增长，未来对海洋矿物的需求将使多样化，升级和延伸到深海。使用海洋矿物质的增长是它们对开发商，国家资源经理和监管机构的吸引力的结果。可以说，与传统的地面资源开发相比，从大陆架中提取矿物质有优势。菲律宾宣布第一个“大规模的越野提取项目”将于2021年1月开始运营。利益相关者/社会成员对采矿业务对生态系统的潜在影响和联系起来表示了强烈关注。海上采矿项目计划（Dredge）每年超过300万吨磁铁矿（铁矿石）。政府的目标是，矿产将是该国在不久的将来为该国综合铁和炼钢厂的原材料来源。随着该国拥有220万平方公里的EEZ近海地区，该国拥有大量海上矿产资源的权利，预计菲律宾的离岸采矿活动将在未来几年内增加。菲律宾近海有矿产资源，它们是黄金，银，铂，钯，铬铁矿，铁，锰，钴，铜和骨料的潜在矿石。仅被认为是矿石或铁的泰坦尼葡萄岩岩石资源估计约为10亿吨原料。鉴于这种背景，该提案及时直接解决计划目标，以资助新的研究，从而产生菲律宾可持续矿产生产的整体观点。已知从海床上提取资源会影响海床栖息地，即影响生态系统服务的提供和流动的相邻水柱（例如羽流）（对人类的益处）。这些包括（并且不限于）永久性和不可逆转的生态上重要栖息地损失，这些栖息地为食品供应提供了贡献（例如，幼年商业鱼类的苗圃栖息地）；窒息和沉积物羽毛和污染。此外，众所周知，世界某些地区的提取活动支持某些经济活动，但也对脆弱和边缘化的社区产生了不成比例和负面的影响。因此，必须确保所有海上资源提取活动在环境，社会，技术上，法律和经济上具有可持续性。通过建设性共享经验，专业知识和创新来促进社会经济发展以及个人和社区福利以及研究环境影响评估，环境风险，缓解和监测绩效。该项目将研究，共享和发展知识，经验，技术和最佳实践，包括探索，资源管理，监管，环境影响评估，所有海洋矿产资源活动的允许和提取。