Plankton evolution during peak greenhouse climates

温室气候高峰期间浮游生物的进化

• 批准号: NE/R009295/1
• 负责人: Paul Bown
• 金额: $ 6.42万
• 依托单位: University College London
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2017 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FR009295%2F1
• 关键词: Plankton; evolution; during; peak; greenhouse

Calcareous nannoplankton are microscopic marine algae that secrete calcitic cell coverings (coccoliths) which are preserved throughout the geographically-widespread pelagic sedimentary record. By studying calcareous nannofossil assemblages preserved within sediments we can document their evolution through time, including changing diversity, rates of speciation and extinction, and population compositions. Calcareous nannoplankton are very responsive to changes in environmental parameters, particularly sea surface temperature and nutrient availability, with individual species or groups exhibiting particular preferences for specific ecological niches. Using the quantitative abundance of species within an assemblage we are therefore able to reconstruct past environmental conditions for a specific location at a given time. International Ocean Discovery Program Expedition 371 will drill deep-sea sediments in the Southwest Pacific Ocean, recovering cores which are from the Eocene epoch, a key interval in Earth's climate history marking the transition from very warm 'greenhouse' climates into a much cooler 'icehouse' world with large Antarctic icesheets. This profound interval of climatic change saw major shifts in physical, chemical and biological parameters in the marine and terrestrial realms. A series of rapid warming events, known as hyperthermals, characterise the early Eocene, followed by a long-term cooling through the middle and late Eocene. Calcareous nannoplankton, which were the dominant oceanic phytoplankton group at this time, peaked in diversity but then suffered a major decline and underwent significant population change coinciding with this major climatic reorganisation. However, the precise timing and structure of this evolutionary change is still poorly known. In this research we will produce calcareous nannoplankton assemblage records (diversity and population data) in order to determine the relationship between nannoplankton evolution and palaeoclimatic and palaeoceanographic change in the South West Pacific.

钙质超微浮游生物是一种微小的海洋藻类，它们分泌方解石细胞覆盖物（颗石石），这些覆盖物保存在广泛分布的中上层沉积记录中。通过研究沉积物中保存的钙质超微化石组合，我们可以记录它们随时间的演变，包括变化的多样性、物种形成和灭绝的速度以及种群组成。钙质超小型浮游生物对环境参数的变化非常敏感，特别是海面温度和养分可用性，个别物种或群体对特定的生态位表现出特殊的偏好。因此，利用组合内物种的数量丰度，我们能够重建特定时间特定地点的过去环境条件。国际海洋发现计划第371号探险队将钻探西南太平洋的深海沉积物，回收始新世时期的岩心，这是地球气候历史上的一个关键时期，标志着从非常温暖的“温室”气候向凉爽得多的“冰屋”气候的转变' 拥有大片南极冰原的世界。在这段深刻的气候变化时期，海洋和陆地领域的物理、化学和生物参数发生了重大变化。一系列快速变暖事件（称为高温）是始新世早期的特征，随后是始新世中后期的长期降温。钙质超小型浮游生物是当时主要的海洋浮游植物群，其多样性达到顶峰，但随后大幅下降，并在这次重大气候重组的同时经历了显着的种群变化。然而，这种进化变化的精确时间和结构仍然知之甚少。在这项研究中，我们将产生钙质超小型浮游生物组合记录（多样性和种群数据），以确定西南太平洋超小型浮游生物进化与古气候和古海洋变化之间的关系。

项目成果

International Ocean Discovery Program Expedition 371 Preliminary Report Tasman Frontier Subduction Initiation and Paleogene Climate

国际海洋发现计划第371次探险初步报告塔斯曼前沿俯冲起始和古近纪气候

• 发表时间: 2018
• 期刊: International Ocean Discovery Program Preliminary Report
• 作者: Rupert Sutherland; Gerald R. Dickens; Peter Blum; And The Expedition 371 Scientists Including Newsam; C.
• 通讯作者: C.

Biotic Response to Early Eocene Warming Events: Integrated Record From Offshore Zealandia, North Tasman Sea

对始新世早期变暖事件的生物反应：来自北塔斯曼海西兰蒂亚近海的综合记录

• DOI: 10.1029/2020pa004179
• 发表时间: 2021-07-14
• 期刊: Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology
• 影响因子: 3.5
• 作者: L. Alegret;D. Harper;C. Agnini;C. Newsam;T. Westerhold;M. Cramwinckel;E. Dallanave;G. Dickens;R. Sutherl
• 通讯作者: R. Sutherl

Tasman Frontier Subduction Initiation and Paleogene Climate

塔斯曼前沿俯冲起始和古近纪气候

• 发表时间: 2019
• 期刊: Proceedings of the International Ocean Discovery Program
• 作者: Sutherland; R.; Dickens; G.R.; Blum; P.; And The Expedition 371 Scientists Including Newsam; C.
• 通讯作者: C.

Timing of Eocene compressional plate failure during subduction initiation, northern Zealandia, southwestern Pacific

西南太平洋西兰迪亚北部俯冲起始期间始新世挤压板块破坏的时间

• DOI: 10.1093/gji/ggac016
• 发表时间: 2022-01-28
• 期刊: Geophysical Journal International
• 影响因子: 2.8
• 作者: W. Stratford;R. Sutherl;G. Dickens;P. Blum;J. Collot;M. Gurnis;S. Saito;A. BordenaveG;S. Etienne;C. Agnini;L. Alegret;G. Asatryan;J. Bhattacharya;L. Chang;M. Cramwinckel;E. Dallanave;M. Drake;M. Giorgioni;D. Harper;H.;A. Keller;A. Lam;H. Li;H. Matsui;H. Morgans;C. Newsam;Y. Park;K. Pascher;S. Pekar;D. Penman;T. Westerhold;X. Zhou
• 通讯作者: X. Zhou